2007-25
ORDINANCE NO. 2007-25
AN ORDINANCE AJVJ:ENDING CIIAPTER. 10. AR.TICLE I.x: OF TIIE CODE OF TIIE
CITY OF FAIR.FA.x:. VIR.GINIA. PER.TAINING TO SVVIIVIJVJ:ING. VVADING AND
SPR.AY POOLS; SPAS; IIOT TUBS. AND AJVJ:ENDING CIIAPTER. 46 OF TIIE CODE
OF TIIE CITY OF FAIR.FA.x:. VIR.GINIA. BY ADDING A NEVV AR.TICLE IV
PER.T AINING TO VV A TER. R.ECR.EA TION FACILITIES
BE IT ORDAINED, by the City Council of the City of Fairfax, Virginia, that Chapter 10,
Article IX, Division 1 of t:he Code of the City of Fairfax,. Virginia, is hereby deleted in its
entirety and replaced vvith the follovving:
DIVISION 1. GENER.ALLY
Sec. 10-531.
Defini-t:ions..
For the purposes of this article, the follovving vvords and phrases shall have the meanings
respect:ively ascribed to them by this section except as othervvise provided in this article:
Covering mea:n$ any type of cover V\7hich vvill overspread the entire vvater area of a pool and
vvhich ""ill support 150 pounds.
Fence means a vvovcn steel vvire, chainlink, picket, or solid board type, masonry, building or a
combination thereof or a fence of similar construction,. and shall be not less than six Teet in
height above the ground or more than t~o inches from the ground at the bottom.
I-Iealrh officer means the health officer of the city or his authorized represent:ative.
ProLecLive measure means any fence or covering, as defined in the definitions of "covering"
or "fence," or ar1Y method, manmade or natural, V\Thich ~ill accomplish the same purpose as in
the definitions of "covering" and "fence."
Public sl-Virnrning pools means any s~imming pool, ~ading pool or spray pool ent:irely of
arti ficial construction and for use by the general public or the occupants or members of any
apartment, country club, community association, privat:e school, summer camp, association or
group_
Resident:ial s~irnrning pools means any outdoor mamn..ade structure constructed from
materials ot:her than natural earth or soil, excluding lakes a.r1d ponds, created by the
construction of dams designed to use or hold '\..Vater for the purpose of providing a s~imm1ng
pool in conjunction VV'ith a private residence for use primarily by its occupants and occasional
guests_
S~imming pool means an artificial, permanent basin or ta.n.k, including all appurtenant
equipment, structures and facilities, for the purpose of impounding ~ater to a depth of more
than three feet for the immersion or partial immersion therein of human beings.
"W'"ading pool means an artificial basin or tank, permanent or temporary, including all
appurtenant equipment, structures a.r1d facilities, for the purpose of impounding V\Tater to a
depth not greater than three feet for the immersion or partial immersion therein of human
beings_
Sec. 10-532.
~pplicabilit:y .of art:icle.
This article, except as other'\Nise provided herein, is adopted to provide regulations relating to
the design, construction, alteration, maintenance and operation of sanitation and safety
features applying to the use and operation of all residential sVV'imming and vvading pools, to
provide for requirements of permits for such pools and to provide for the administration and
enforcement thereof by the health officer. This article shall not apply to public sV\Tin.....ming
pools or spa pools, ~hich are regulated by Chapter 46, Article IV of the Code of the City of
Fairfax_
Sec. 10-533. Purposes of article.
The primary purposes of this article in its application to residential swimming pools are to
ensure that residential swimming pools are constructed so as to be free from undue hazard to
the health of its users.
Sec. 10-534. Authority of health officer.
When the health officer finds that the provisions of this article are not met or that any
condition exists that endangers the life, health or safety of the users of a residential swimming
pool with a capacity of 3,000 gallons or more, he may refuse to approve the plans and
specifications for such residential swimming pool in accordance with Section 10-617 below.
Secs. 10-535--10-550.
Reserved.
BE IT FURTHER ORDAINED, by the City Council of the City of Fairfax, Virginia, that
Chapter 10, Article IX, Divisions 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the Code of the City of Fairfax, Virginia, are
hereby deleted in their entirety.
BE IT FURTHER ORDAINED, by the City Council of the City of Fairfax, Virginia, that
Chapter 46 of the Code of the City of Fairfax, Virginia, is hereby amended to add thereto a
new Article IV pertaining to water recreation facilities, which shall read in its entirety as
follows:
CHAPTER 46, ARTICLE IV. WATER RECREATION FACILITIES
DIVISION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 46-110. Title.
This Ordinance shall be known and may be cited as the City of Fairfax Water Recreation
Facilities Ordinance.
Sec. 46-111. Purpose.
The purpose ofthis Ordinance is to:
(a) Ensure that all public pool facilities are constructed, operated, and maintained
in a manner which does not adversely affect the public health or safety; and
(b) Set forth the requirements necessary to secure a permit for construction,
ownership and operation of a water recreation facility.
Sec. 46-112. Administration and Enforcement.
The Director of Health Services of the Fairfax County Health Department, Fire Marshall and
the Building Official shall each administer and enforce this Ordinance as applicable.
Sec. 46-113. Scope.
This Ordinance shall apply to all water recreation facilities intended for recreational use only
and not for competitive swimming or competitive diving, as indicated and herein defined.
Facilities constructed for competitive swimming or competitive diving shall meet the
requirements set forth by this Ordinance and/or by the Building Official and/or the applicable
FINA Standards. This Ordinance applies only to public pools and does not apply to
residential pools serving a single family residence, which are addressed in Chapter 10, Article
IX of the City Code. Swimming pool facilities, spa pool facilities, and waterpark facilities for
which building permits are issued subsequent to the effective date of this Ordinance shall be
constructed in accordance with the provisions of the VUSBC, OSHA, the Uniform Statewide
Fire Prevention Code and zoning ordinances of the City, and this Ordinance. Whenever any
provision of any state code, other City Code, manufacturer's specification or
recommendation, or industry standard imposes a greater requirement or a higher standard than
is required under this Ordinance, compliance with the provision of such state code, other City
Code, manufacturer's specification or recommendation, or industry standards shall be
required. Nothing in this Ordinance shall be held to preclude compliance with the applicable
provisions of these codes, standards, specifications and recommendations.
Sec. 46-114. Definitions.
For the purposes of this Ordinance, the following words and terms shall have the following
meaning, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
Above-ground pool means any pool having the pool tank above ground level.
Activity Pool means a pool which features recreational water activities which may include, but
is not limited to, one or more of the following: climbable bars, ropes, chutes, bubblers,
fountains, anchored floating play components or other similar devices.
ANSI means American National Standards Institute.
ASME means the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
ASTM means American Society for Testing and Materials.
Attendant means a person at a waterpark facility trained to operate an attraction and control
the patrons in a safe and orderly manner.
Attraction or ride means any of the specific types of features at waterpark facilities involving
partial or total immersion of the patron.
Backwashing means the process of thoroughly cleaning the filter media or elements by
reversing flow, dislodging the filter aid, and/or removing accumulated debris and discharging
it to waste.
Bathhouse facility means the enclosed structure and related areas, used by patrons of a water
recreation facility prior to entering the pool(s), which contain the dressing rooms, showers,
toilets, lavatories, saunas, steam rooms, and mop sinks.
Breakpoint chlorination means the addition of a sufficient amount of chlorine to water to
destroy the combined chlorine present. Breakpoint chlorination is approximated by the
addition of chlorine sufficient to obtain total chlorine residual ten (10) times the original
combined chlorine residual.
Building official means the officer charged with the administration and enforcement of the
new construction provisions of the VUSBC and the City Code building provisions, or his duly
authorized representative.
Center line means the path defined by geometric midpoints of a component or structure,
generally used for consideration of the slide path in flume rides and the separation of diving
boards or platforms in a diving area.
Children's activity pool means an activity pool, designed primarily for the use of children,
having a maximum depth of twenty-four (24) inches.
Chute means a structure which contains and directs the path of travel and rate of descent of a
patron. A chute may be tubular, trough-like, curved or flat-bottomed. A chute generally uses
water only as a lubricant.
Combined residual disinfectant means the amount of halogen or other approved disinfectant
which has chemically combined with organic nitrogen compounds (e.g. combined chlorine).
Competitive diving board means any diving board recommended by the manufacturer for
diving competition.
Control fence means a woven steel wire, chain link, picket, solid board type fence, wall or
equivalent barrier capable of directing bathers through the appropriate entry onto the pool
deck or to a specific location within the pool facility's perimeter fence.
Cross-ventilation means the movement of air from an outside source into and out of a
filter/chemical storage room, sufficient to prevent the accumulation of chemical vapors or
dust. The cross-ventilation shall be provided by a mechanical exhaust fan.
Deck means the smooth, impervious, non-slip walking surface located within the perimeter
enclosure and around the pool(s).
Director means the Director of Health Services ofthe Fairfax County Health Department or
his/her designee.
Disinfectant means an agent that disinfects by destroying, neutralizing, or inhibiting the
growth of harmful organisms.
Diving area means the minimum dimensions of an area within the pool necessary to provide
safe entry from a diving board or platform.
Diving board means the mechanism used for entering a swimming pool, consisting of a semi
rigid board that derives its elasticity through the use of a fulcrum mounted below the board,
and the stand that supports the semi rigid board.
Diving platform means the raised rigid stage used for diving.
Drop slide means a sloped chute or flume exiting the user above the pool operating water
level into a receiving pool.
Filter means a device that separates solid particles from water by circulating water through a
porous substance, the filter media or element.
FINA means the Federation Intemationale de Natation Amateur.
Flume means a trough-like or tubular structure which uses a significant volume of water to
transport the user.
Free available residual disinfectant means the amount of disinfectant which is available to
inactivate microorganisms and oxidize organic matter (e.g. free chlorine), and which has not
reacted with organic nitrogen compounds or any other material in pool water.
Foothold means areas that are greater than one and three quarter inches as measured
horizontally that expose horizontal surfaces whose top planes are separated by a vertical
distance that is less than forty-five (45) inches.
GFCI means Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter.
Handhold means the same as Foothold.
Hard-wired telephone means a telephone that has a direct wire handset and connection to the
main telephone system.
Hydrojet means a fitting which blends air and water creating a high velocity, turbulent stream
of air enriched water.
Hydrostatic pressure relief valve means any valve which, when properly installed, will relieve
underground water pressure caused by high water tables under the pool shell.
Industry standards mean the American National Standard Institute (ANSI), National Spa and
Pool Institute (NSPI), or similar standards.
In-ground pool means any pool constructed with the pool tank below ground level.
Injury or illness report means the written record of all facts regarding any death, near
drowning, injury or illness associated with all regulated facilities.
Inner-tube ride means an attraction where users ride inner tube-like floatation devices through
a series of chutes, channels, flumes, and/or pools.
Interactive Water Feature Facility (IWF) means a structure designed to allow for recreational
activities with re-circulated, filtered, and treated water, but having minimal standing water.
Water from the interactive fountain type features is collected by gravity below grade in a
collector tank or sump. The water is filtered, disinfected, and then pumped to the feature
spray discharge heads.
Internal communication system means any combination of devices permitting the immediate
passage or exchange of messages between the personnel within the water recreation facility.
Lifeguard means an individual, fifteen years of age or older, who is trained and certified in
life guarding, first aid, and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.
Lifeguard stand means an elevated lifeguard station, which complies with OSHA standards
for elevated platforms, and includes a seat and platform. An umbrella emplacement sleeve or
alternative shade producing structure is required for outdoor stands. The stand may be
portable, and shall be located to allow full visual coverage of the lifeguard's assigned area of
responsibility.
Lifeguard station means a lifeguard stand or other designated work station of a lifeguard.
Light color means any color which has a Munsell Value (V) notation of 6.5 or greater and a
Munsell Chroma (C) notation of7.0 or less.
MSDS means Material Safety Data Sheets.
Make-up water means potable water which is added to a pool to bring the water level up to
the waterline.
Maximum facility load means the maximum number of patrons permitted in any water
recreation facility at anyone time. The maximum facility load is limited by the sum total of
the maximum individual swimming pool and individual spa pool bather loads, bathhouse
plumbing fixture restrictions, or other restrictions imposed by the Director.
Maximum individual swimming pool bather load means the maximum number of patrons
permitted within the water of an individual pool at anyone time.
Maximum individual spa pool bather load means the maximum number of patrons permitted
within the water of an individual spa pool at anyone time.
NSF means NSF International.
ORP means Oxidation Reduction Potential.
OSHA means the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Overflow trough or gutter means the surface water collection system designed to remove
surface water through pool overflow.
Owner means any person, or legally authorized representative of any person, who owns or
leases a water recreation facility and in whose name the owner's annual or seasonal permit is
issued. The person in charge of the water recreation facility shall be deemed to be the
designee of the owner.
Person means any and all entities, including individuals, firms, partnerships, associations,
public or private institutions, municipalities or political subdivisions, governmental agencies,
or public or private corporations organized under the laws of this Commonwealth or any other
state or country.
Perimeter fence means a closed type vertical barrier which completely encloses and secures
the pool area and prevents unauthorized entry.
Pinch hazard means any configuration of components that could pinch or entrap the fingers,
toes or any other part of the human body.
Plummet means a line that is perpendicular to the water surface and extends vertically through
a point located at the front edge of a diving board and on the centerline.
Pool means any man-made structure, basin, chamber or tank located either indoors, outdoor,
or both, containing a body of water with sufficient depth for complete or partial immersion of
the body. Residential pools serving a single family dwelling are not included in this
definition.
Pool area means a pool and all decks, grounds, and other areas located within the perimeter
enclosure.
Pool facility means any pool(s), together with the buildings, equipment and appurtenances
pertaining to such a body of water including, but not limited to, all areas located within the
perimeter enclosure.
Pool management company means any person, firm, corporation or association contracting to
manage or operate a water recreation facility.
Pool operator means a person, sixteen years of age or older, trained to conduct the operation
of a water recreation facility.
Pool operator '8 certificate means the document issued to a person who has successfully
passed a pool operator's course and/or exam recognized by the Director.
P PM means parts per million.
PSI means pounds per square inch.
Public pool means any pool, other than a residential pool serving a single family dwelling,
which is intended to be used collectively by a number of persons for swimming, recreation,
fitness, relaxation, or therapeutic purposes.
Radius of curvature means the radius arc which denotes the curved surface from the point of
departure from the vertical sidewall (spring line) of the pool to the pool bottom (e.g. coving).
Receiving pool means a pool located at the end of a water slide or drop slide that is designed
to safely receive the rider of an attraction.
Recessed stairs means a step or series of steps that do not protrude beyond the pool wall.
Recessed stairs extend down from the deck with the bottom step terminating at the pool wall
and bottom.
Recreational diving board means any diving board that is not recommended by the
manufacturer for diving competition.
Remodel means to change, rearrange, or modify a swimming pool or spa pool structure,
circulation system and/or appurtenances, such that the design, configuration and/or operating
characteristics are different from the original design, configuration, and/or operating
characteristics. The term "remodel" does not include normal maintenance and repair.
Repair means the replacement of existing construction with equivalent materials for the
purpose of maintenance and the replacement of a previously approved piece of equipment
with an equivalent unit having the same specifications, operating characteristics, and
certifications.
Skimmer means a mechanical device connected to the pool water recirculation piping which is
used to drain the pool water surface and is equipped with a weir, a flow adjustment device,
and a removable and cleanable basket designed to trap small solids.
Slide means a drop slide or waterslide as defined herein.
Slow river means a circuitous stream of pool water, moved by booster pumps or other means,
providing a continuous current in which patrons are transported by flotation devices or other
means.
Spa pool means any pool intended to be used for recreational and therapeutic use which may
include a water jet and/or aeration system, may be heated or cooled, and is not drained,
cleaned or refilled after each individual use. The term includes, but is not limited to, units
designed for hydrojet recirculation, hot water, cold water, mineral bath, air induction bubbles,
or any combination thereof. Common terminology for a spa pool includes, but is not limited
to, therapeutic pool, hydrotherapy pool, whirlpool, hot spa, and hot tub. The term spa pool
excludes spa pools used by or under the direct supervision and control of licensed medical
personnel located in a medical facility; spa pools located in the athletic department of schools,
colleges and universities; and spa pools owned and used by professional athletic teams.
Springline means the point from which the pool wall breaks from vertical and begins its arc in
the radius of curvature to the pool bottom.
Superchlorinate means to achieve a rapid increase in the chlorine residual within the pool
water to oxidize organic impurities, destroy algae and/or achieve breakpoint chlorination.
Swimming pool means any pool intended to be used for public recreational swimming and/or
public recreational diving, and means the same as public pool.
Total residual disinfectant means the arithmetic sum of free available residual disinfectant
and combined residual disinfectant.
Turnover time or period means the time required to recirculate the equivalent of the total
volume of pool water through the filter system.
UL means Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
VUSBC means the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code.
Wading pool means a swimming pool designed primarily for use by small children which is
separate from any other swimming pool within a pool area. A wading pool shall not exceed
eighteen inches in water depth.
Waterline means the midpoint of the operating range of the skimmers when there are no users
in the pool. For overflow systems, the waterline is defined as the top of the overflow rim.
Waterparkfacility means a water contact facility with design and operational features which
provide recreational activities that are different from those associated with a conventional
swimming pool and purposefully involve the immersion of the body either partially or totally
in the water. Such recreational activities include, but are not limited to: water chutes, water
flumes, slow rivers, activity pools, receiving pools, sprinklers, fountains, decorative showers,
and wave pools.
Water recreation facility means a pool facility including but not limited to a swimming pool
facility, spa pool facility, waterpark facility, or any related facility.
Water slide means a chute or flume that discharges the user at or below the pool operating
water level.
Wave pool means a pool producing waves which usually begin at the deep end and proceed
toward and dissipate at the shallow end.
Sec. 46-115. Permits for Construction and Remodeling.
(a) Building and other applicable permits shall be obtained from the Building
Official or other appropriate authority before any water recreation facility regulated under this
Ordinance may be constructed or remodeled.
(b) If a building permit is not required, plans and specifications for the
remodeling of a water recreation facility regulated under this Ordinance shall be submitted to
the Building Official for review and approval. Duplicate copies of the plans and
specifications shall be submitted to the Building Official unless additional sets are required.
(c) The approval of any plans or specifications shall not be viewed to be a
determination that the said plans or specifications are free from error. The owner shall have
final responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the plans and specifications, as well
as for subsequent construction and installation.
(d) A plan review fee shall be paid. The fees for the review of plans are as
established in ~46-130.
(e) The requirements of this Ordinance are in addition to the requirements of all
other applicable ordinances and codes, including but not limited to, plumbing, building,
electrical, mechanical, zoning, and fire.
Sec. 46-116. Owner's Permit Required; Fee for Same.
(a) No owner shall allow a water recreation facility to be operated unless the
owner has secured an annual or seasonal permit from the Director. The permit shall be posted
in a location conspicuous to the public on the premises of the facility. Prior to issuing the
permit, the Director shall determine that the water recreation facility is in compliance with the
requirements of this Ordinance, and that all required fees in ~46-130 have been paid. The
permit shall be issued in the name of the owner for the calendar year, or if a seasonal pool, for
the period during the calendar year the facility will be in operation. In the event the owner is
operating a facility without the required annual or seasonal permit, the Director shall order the
immediate closure of the facility. An order of closure shall be effective upon service of a
written notice to the owner of the facility and shall remain in effect until such time as the
owner secures the annual or seasonal permit.
(b) The fees for the permit required by ~46-116(a) are as established in ~46-130
of this Ordinance.
(c) The owner and the pool management company, if applicable, of any water
recreation facility is responsible for the facility being operated, maintained, and managed in
accordance with the requirements of this Ordinance.
Sec. 46-117. Facility Closure and Suspension of the Owner's Permit.
(a) The Director shall order the immediate closure and permit suspension of any
water recreation facility upon finding that a substantial hazard exists to the health or safety of
those who utilize the facility. No person shall operate any water recreation facility subject to
an order of facility closure and permit suspension.
(b) An order of facility closure and permit suspension shall be effective upon
service of a written notice to the permit holder or his/her designee. The order shall remain in
effect until such time as the Director determines that the hazard no longer exists.
(c) The holder of a permit for a facility subj ect to an order of facility closure and
permit suspension may request a hearing as described in 946-121.
Sec. 46-118. Revocation of an Owner's Permit.
The Director may revoke an owner's permit upon the finding of serious, repeated, or
flagrant violations of any of the requirements of this Ordinance or interference with the
performance of the Director's duties. No person shall operate any water recreation facility
subject to an order of permit revocation. An owner's permit may not be revoked unless the
permit holder has been served with written notice of the Director's intent to revoke the permit,
stating the reason the permit is subject to revocation and informing the permit holder of the
opportunity for a hearing before the Director. The holder of an owner's permit subject to an
order of permit revocation may request a hearing as described in 946-121.
Sec. 46-119. Pool Operator Requirements.
(a) It shall be unlawful to operate a water recreation facility, unless it is under the
immediate control of a person trained in the basics of swimming pool operation and who
possesses a valid pool operator's certificate accepted by the Director, with valid photo
identification and that person is on the premises during operation of the water recreation
facility.
(b) A spa pool shall not be in violation of this subsection if it is under the control
of a person who possesses a valid pool operator's certificate accepted by the Director, with
valid photo identification. That person need not be on the premises during the operation of the
spa provided that he/she is available on-call and the on-call telephone number is posted in
view of the patrons.
(c) The pool operator shall have a clear copy of the original pool operator's
certificate, with valid photo identification available for inspection during the operation of the
water recreation facility.
(d) A pool operator shall be at least sixteen years of age and shall have
successfully passed either an approved course of instruction administered or sanctioned by a
nationally recognized swimming pool operators training organization, and whose course and
examination is accepted by the Director or has received unrecognized training in swimming
pool operation and has successfully passed a standardized examination, accepted by the
Director, that has been developed in accordance with the American Psychological Association
Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing.
(e) A pool operator's certificate shall be issued only to the person who has passed
the operator's certification examination and shall not be assignable or transferable, and shall
be valid only for a period not to exceed three years from the date of issuance. Expired
certificates must be reissued in accordance with 946-119( d).
(f) Swimming pools operating without a trained pool operator on the premises or
with an operator unable to satisfactorily demonstrate basic knowledge of swimming pool
operation or in a manner that adversely impacts the public health and safety are subject to
immediate closure and permit suspension.
Sec. 46-120. Service of Notices.
A notice of owner's permit suspension or revocation required by this Ordinance is properly
served when it is delivered to the owner or when it is sent by registered or certified mail,
return receipt requested, to the last known address of the owner's permit. A copy of the notice
shall be filed with the records of the Fairfax County Health Department.
Sec. 46-121. Hearings.
Any owner who has been denied an owner's permit or any holder of an owner's permit who
has received an order of suspension or revocation, may request a hearing by filing a written
request in the office of the Director, within ten (10) business days ofthe service of the order
of permit denial, suspension or revocation. The Director shall conduct a hearing within ten
(10) business days of receipt of a hearing request. If a written request for a hearing is not
filed within the time permitted, the order is sustained.
Sec. 46-122. Variances.
The Director may grant a variance to the requirements of this Ordinance.
(a) Requestfor a variance. Any owner who seeks a variance shall apply in writing
to the Director. The application shall include:
(1) A citation of the Ordinance section to which the variance is requested;
(2) A statement as to why the owner is unable to comply with the
Ordinance section to which the variance is requested;
(3) The nature and duration of the variance requested; and
(4) A statement of reasons why the public health or safety would not be
jeopardized if the variance was granted.
(b) Evaluation of a variance application. The Director shall act upon any variance
request within sixty (60) calendar days from the receipt of the written application. In
evaluating the variance application, the Director shall consider the following factors:
(1) Unusual circumstances unique to the applicant's facility;
(2) The hardship to the applicant that would result if the variance were
denied;
(3) The effects that such a variance would have on the health and safety of
the public at the water recreation facility; and,
(4) Other health or safety factors as determined by the Director.
(c) Disposition of a variance request.
(1) If the Director or his/her agent approves a variance request, the
applicant shall be notified in writing of the decision. Such notice shall identify the water
recreation facility and its location, the nature of the variance, and shall specify the period of
time for which the variance will be effective and any conditions attached to the variance.
Failure to comply with the specified conditions will result in the immediate revocation of the
variance. The effective date ofthe variance shall be upon receipt by the applicant or other
designated date acceptable to the applicant and the Director.
(2) The Director or his/her designated agent may reject any application for
a variance by sending a written rejection notice to the applicant. The applicant may petition
the Director for a hearing within thirty (30) calendar days, from receipt ofthe rejection notice,
to challenge the rejection.
(3) No permit holder or applicant may challenge the terms or conditions set
forth in the variance after thirty (30) calendar days have elapsed from the date of issuance.
(d) Each variance shall be posted in a conspicuous place for the public to view.
Each variance is revoked when the permit attached to it is revoked. A variance is not
transferable unless otherwise provided in writing at the time the variance is granted.
Sec. 46-123. Condition of Equipment and Premises.
All equipment shall be maintained in satisfactory condition during the operation of any water
recreation facility. In addition, the premises, including the pool(s) and deck(s), of any water
recreation facility shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition and shall be kept in
good repair.
Sec. 46-124. Animals.
No animal shall be permitted within any water recreation facility; provided, however, this
section shall not apply to support animals that provide assistance to the physically challenged.
Support animals that provide such assistance shall not enter the pool water.
Sec. 46-125. Water Supply.
A public water supply shall be used at all water recreation facilities unless other sources of
water are approved by the Director.
Sec. 46-126. Sewage Disposal.
All sewage generated from the plumbing fixtures within a water recreation facility shall be
discharged into an approved sewage treatment works, or in the absence thereof, into an
approved individual sewage disposal system.
Sec. 46-127. Inspections.
Upon presentation of the appropriate credentials, the Director shall have the power to enter, at
reasonable times, any private or public property for the purpose of inspecting and
investigating conditions relating to the enforcement of this Ordinance.
Sec. 46-128. Emergency Order.
If an emergency exists, the Director may issue an emergency order necessary for the
preservation of public health and safety or for the protection of patrons and personnel using
any water recreation facility. The emergency order shall state the reasons and precise factual
basis upon which it is issued, the actions which an owner or pool operator is required to take,
and the time period for which it is effective. A copy of the emergency order shall be served to
the owner of the facility or his/her designee and may be publicized in any manner deemed
appropriate by the Director.
Sec. 46-129. Grandfather Clause.
(a) Except as provided in this section, the design and construction requirements of
this Ordinance shall not apply to any water recreation facility that was constructed prior to the
effective date of this Ordinance in accordance with the design and construction requirements
of the ordinance in effect at the time construction was completed (hereinafter referred to as an
"existing facility") and that continues to meet those requirements.
(b) The design and construction requirements of this Ordinance shall apply to the
remodeling of an existing facility unless the Director determines, in writing, that alternate
requirements, including, but not limited to, the design and construction requirements in effect
at the time of construction shall apply to the remodeling of the existing facility.
(c) The Director shall order reasonable modifications to the design or construction
of an existing facility if he/she finds that any condition exists that endangers the health or
safety of the facility's patrons or personnel.
Sec. 46-130. Fee Schedule.
The following fees shall be paid to the Director (i) annually by December 31st for facilities
operating twelve (12) months a year, or (ii) prior to the issuance of the owner's permit for
facilities operating on a seasonal schedule:
(a) Swimming pools and waterpark facilities:
(1) Base Fee (determined by the square footage of the main pool at each
pool facility, except
for waterparks):
Seasonal
Seasonal
Seasonal
Year-Round
Year-Round
Year-Round
Interactive Water Feature
Interactive Water Feature
Interactive Water Feature
Wate ark
o to 2,000
2,001 to 10,000
Greater than 10,000
o to 2,000
2,001 to 10,000
Greater than 10,000
o to 2,000
200 to 10,000
Greater than 10,000
Not A licable
$230
$288
$345
$288
$345
$403
$200
$250
$300
$690
(2) The following fees shall apply in addition to the base fee:
(i) Each additional pool (other than a spa pool) in a multi-pool
facility*: $173.00
(ii) Each spa pool: $52.00
(b) Facilities with spa pools only: $230.00
. One wading pool at a multi-pool facility shall be exempt from this fee.
(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the fees set forth in Section 46-130 shall not
apply to Country Club Hills Recreation Corporation; Fairfax Swimming Pool, Inc; nor
Mosby Woods Recreation Association, Inc.
Sec. 46-131. Penalties.
Any person or owner who fails to comply with any applicable provision shall be in violation
of this Ordinance. Each violation of this Ordinance is punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor in
accordance with Virginia law. Each day a violation of this Ordinance shall continue shall
constitute a separate offense. The criminal penalty provided in this Section shall be in
addition to the administrative remedies set forth elsewhere in this Ordinance.
Sec. 46-132--46-136. Reserved.
DIVISION 2. SWIMMING POOLS; DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.
Sec. 46-137. Location.
The location of a swimming pool shall in no way hinder the operations for which it is
designed nor adversely affect patron safety or water quality. Public pools shall not be located
in areas subject to flooding or inundation by ground water drainage.
Sec. 46-138. Access.
(a) Outdoor pools. Direct and unobstructed access to any swimming pool area
shall be provided for the admission of emergency and service vehicles, equipment and
personnel. An emergency access lane providing direct access for emergency vehicles shall
terminate at each pool facility's emergency gate required in ~46-160. Emergency access
lanes shall be kept clear and unobstructed.
(b) Indoor pools. Emergency access to indoor or elevated swimming pools shall
be provided at the entrance nearest the pool or the elevator or stairway leading to the pool.
Permanent and conspicuous signs shall be posted indicating the most direct route to an indoor
or elevated pool. An emergency access lane providing direct access for emergency vehicles
shall terminate at the entrance nearest the indoor or elevated swimming pool, or the elevator
or stairway leading to the indoor or elevated swimming pool. Emergency access lanes shall
be kept clear and unobstructed.
Sec.46-139. Construction Materials and Components.
Swimming pools shall be constructed of materials which are rigid, inert, impervious, and non-
toxic to humans. The materials for components and accessories to be used in and around
swimming pools shall be such that the operational strength of the assembly shall not be
adversely affected by the exposure to external conditions or normal temperature extremes;
and shall be chemically compatible with the materials used in the operation and maintenance
of the swimming pool. In addition, construction materials shall provide a tight tank to which
a smooth, easily cleanable surface can be applied. The swimming pool surface shall be
composed of an impervious material which will retain a smooth, slip resistant, easily
cleanable finish without surface cracks or open joints, and shall be finished in a white or light
color. Sand or earth bottoms shall not be permitted. Materials other than those described in
this section may be approved by the Building Official.
Sec. 46-140. Design.
Swimming pools may be of any dimension or shape provided that the satisfactory
recirculation of pool water can be obtained and no undue hazards to patrons are created by the
dimensions or shape of the pool.
Sec. 46-141. Hydrostatic Pressure Relief Valve.
In all in-ground swimming pools with water depths exceeding eighteen (18) inches, one or
more hydrostatic pressure relief valve( s), or other hydrostatic relief system as approved by the
Building Official, shall be installed.
Sec. 46-142. Slope of Bottom.
In water depths of less than five (5) feet, the maximum slope of any swimming pool, other
than a wading pool, shall not exceed one to twelve (1: 12). In depths greater than five (5) feet,
the slope shall not exceed one to three (1 :3).
Sec. 46-143. Vertical Walls and Coving.
(a) All comers formed by the intersection of pool walls, floors, or other pool walls
shall be coved.
(b) Vertical walls shall not be greater than eleven (11) degrees from plumb.
Sec. 46-144. Diving Area, Diving Boards, and Diving Platforms; Minimum
Requirements.
(a) Diving boards and diving platforms may be installed in a diving area, alone or
in combination, provided that the minimum requirements set forth in this section are met.
(b) Side rails, including safety netting or other safety restraints may be required by
the Building Official for diving boards one (1) meter in height or greater.
(c) At least sixteen feet and five inches (16'5") of free and unobstructed head room
shall be provided above every diving board and diving platform.
(d) When a recreational diving board is installed in a diving area, the minimum
dimensions and water depths within the diving area shall meet the requirements specified in
Table I and Table II. Diving board height measurements falling in between two categories of
Table I and Table II shall comply with the more stringent requirement.
(e) When a diving platform or competitive diving board is installed in a diving
area, the minimum dimensions and water depths in the diving area shall meet the applicable
FINA standards and/or the standards required by the Building Official.
(f) When a diving board is installed in combination with a diving platform, the
minimum distance between the center line of the diving board or edge of the diving platform
and the center line of an adjacent diving board, the edge of an adjacent diving platform,
and/or the pool sidewall edge shall meet the applicable FINA Standards or the requirements
specified in Table I, whichever is more stringent.
Table I. Diving Board Height and Separation Distance Requirements.
o to 0.61 meter 10' 10'
0.62 to 0.77 meter 11' 11'
0.78 to 1.00 meters 11' 11'
1.01 to 2.0 meters 12' 12'
2.01 to 3.0 meters 12' 12'
>3.0 meters * *
* As required by the Building Official and/or the applicable FINA standard.
Table II. Minimum Dimensions and Depths Relative to Board Height.
o to 0.61 meter 8' 6" 11' 8' 6" 3'
0.62 to 0.77 meter 9' 11' 6" 8' 10" 4'
0.78 to 1.00 meter 11' 12' 10'9" 5'
1.01 - 2.00 meters 12' 16'5" 11' 10" 6' 1"
2.01 to 3.00 meters 12'6" 19' 9" 12'2" 6' 1"
* * * *
>3.00 meters
* As required by the applicable FINA Standards or the Building Official.
Figure 1. Cross-Sectional Diagram of Swimming Pool
Illustrating Distances Referenced in Table II.
Dl V IN\:i J:SUAl<lJ
PLUMMEf-'
H
WAlERLEVEL
Dl
3' MIN.
5'
12
~
I- <\ t
L
~I
Sec. 46-145. Handholds.
Swimming pools shall be provided with suitable handholds around their perimeter.
Handholds may consist of anyone or a combination of the following:
(1) Coping, gutter ledges or flanges, or decks which have a top edge that provides
a suitable slip resistant handhold located not more than twelve (12) inches above the water
level;
(2) Ladders, steps, or hand rails; and/or,
(3) Other methods approved by the Building Official.
Sec. 46-146. Stairs, Steps, Ladders, and Bench Seats.
(a) Egress. A minimum of two (2) means of egress shall be provided for
swimming pools with a perimeter of one hundred (100) feet or less. One (1) additional means
of egress shall be provided for each additional two-hundred (200) feet of pool perimeter, or
fraction thereof. Additional means of egress may be required as determined by the Building
Official. The location of the means of egress shall be consistent with the design of the
swimming pool. A means of egress shall be provided at both sides of the diving area.
(b) The design and construction of swimming pool stairs, ladders, and bench seats
shall conform to the following:
(1) The treads of all stairs, ladders, and step holes shall be of non-slip
construction.
(2) When stairs or bench seats are constructed, they shall be recessed into
the pool deck, and shall conform to the VUSBC.
(3) The top and leading edge of all stair treads and bench seats shall be
marked by a permanent, non-slip band of contrasting color that is a minimum of one (1) inch
in width and is located within two (2) inches of the step or bench edge.
(4) Recessed step holes shall not protrude into the pool. The recessed step
shall have a minimum tread width of six (6) inches, a minimum tread length of twelve (12)
inches, a minimum height of five (5) inches, and shall drain into the pool to prevent the
accumulation of dirt. Each set of recessed step holes shall be provided with handrails on both
sides of recessed step holes to fully service all treads and risers.
(5) Below the water level, there shall be a clearance of not more than six
(6) inches nor less than three (3) inches between any ladder tread edge, measured from the
pool wall side of the tread, and the pool wall.
Sec. 46-147. Recirculation System.
(a) All swimming pools shall be equipped with a recirculation system which, at a
minimum, consists of a pump, a filter, connecting piping, fittings, valves, disinfecting
equipment, necessary pipe connections to the inlets and outlets, a skimmer and/or overflow
gutter and main drains. A separate recirculation system shall be provided for each swimming
pool.
(b) The recirculation system shall be designed to accommodate the following
required maximum turnover time:
(1) Wading pool, two (2) hours;
(2) Any other swimming pool, six (6) hours.
(c)
filters.
Adequate provisions shall be made for backwashing and/or cleaning of all
Sec. 46-148. Filter Room.
(a) Swimming pool facilities shall have a room(s) or structure which encloses the
filtration equipment, pumps, electrical equipment, chemical feed equipment, and other
recirculation and filtration system appurtenances. The room(s) or structure shall provide
working area and access above and around all equipment no less than that specified by the
manufacturer and sufficient to permit routine maintenance. The room(s) or structure shall be
provided with a lockable door( s) of sufficient width to permit the removal of equipment. The
entrance to the filter room(s) shall be easily accessible from the deck so the pool operator can
enter the room(s) without having to exit the enclosed pool area. The room(s) or structure shall
be impervious to water and resistant to the chemicals necessary for the operation of the
facility.
(b) The floor of the filter room(s) or structure shall be designed to provide
adequate drainage with a minimum floor slope of one to forty-eight (1 :48) and a maximum
floor slope of one to twenty-four (1 :24) to a floor drain and shall be kept dry at all times,
particularly in the vicinity of electrical panels. Discharging filter backwash water onto the
floor is prohibited.
(c) The filter room(s) shall be provided with mechanical cross-ventilation.
(d) Illumination of at least thirty (30) foot-candles, measured twenty-four (24)
inches above the floor, shall be provided above equipment and working areas. A minimum of
two (2) light fixtures shall be installed, and all light fixtures shall be shielded.
Sec. 46-149. Filters and Gauges.
(a) The recirculation system shall be equipped with a filtration system that is NSF
International listed, or the equivalent, and will filter the entire water volume of the swimming
pool within the required turnover time specified in ~46-147(b). Filtration equipment shall be
operated continuously, twenty-four (24) hours per day. Valves shall be provided at
appropriate locations to allow the isolation and maintenance of equipment. Filter components
which require servicing shall be accessible for inspection and repair and installed according to
the manufacturer's specifications and recommendations. All pressure systems shall be
provided with a manual or automatic means to permit the release of air which may accumulate
within the filter tanle Design criteria for the indicated type of filters shall be as follows:
(1) High-rate filter. A filter utilizing a media capable of filtration at a high
rate of flow. The rate of flow shall not be less than five gallons per minute per square foot of
filter surface area (5 GPM/ft2), nor greater than twenty gallons per minute per square foot of
filter surface area (20 GPM/ft2). The backwash rate of flow shall be at the rate specified by
the manufacturer.
(2) Diatomaceous earth filter. A filter utilizing diatomaceous earth as a
filter media.
(i) Pressure or vacuum type. A diatomaceous earth filter through
which the rate of flow does not exceed two gallons per minute per square foot of filter surface
area (2 GPM/ft2).
(ii) Pressure or vacuum with slurry feeder. A filter that is equipped
with a feeder that continuously feeds a diatomaceous earth suspension and has a rate of flow
not exceeding three gallons per minute per square foot of filter surface area (3 GPMlfe).
(iii) Separation tanks or a sump pit with a stand pipe shall be
installed to collect spent diatomaceous earth so that it can be collected and disposed of in an
approved manner. Alternative methods for diatomaceous earth collection may be approved
by the Building Official. When using diatomaceous earth filters with separation tanks, the
separation tank shall be provided with a means of release or a lid which provides a slow and
safe release of pressure and shall have a readily visible precautionary statement affixed that
warns the user that the air release must be opened before opening the separation tank.
(iv) Piping and valves shall be provided for all diatomaceous earth
filters to allow for a pre-coat cycle that re-circulates water directly from the outlet to the inlet
of the filter without returning to the swimming pool.
(3) Rapid sand filters. A filter utilizing sand as the filter media, with a
filtration flow rate not exceeding three gallons per minute per square foot of filter area (3
GPM/ft2). The backwash rate of flow shall be four (4) times the filtration rate.
(4) Other filtration systems whose performance equals or exceeds those
described above may be used in a pool recirculation system with the approval of the Building
Official.
(5) Filter cartridges. The flow rate through a filter cartridge shall not
exceed the design rate or a maximum of three hundred seventy-five thousandths gallon per
minute (.375 GPM/ft2) per square foot of filter surface area. Cleaning of filter cartridges
must be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. One complete extra set of
filter cartridges shall be available at all times to facilitate cleaning.
(b) Gauges and flow meters. The filter system shall be provided with a minimum
of one (1) influent pressure gauge for each filter and one (1) effluent pressure gauge following
the filter system. Recirculation system pumps shall be fitted with a vacuum and pressure
gauge installed as near as practical to the pump suction and discharge pipe connections. All
pressure gauges shall measure pressure directly in pounds per square inch (psi). Vacuum
gauges shall measure in inches of mercury. The system shall have a flow meter on the return
line to measure the flow of filtered water being returned to the swimming pool. The flow
meter shall be of fixed calibration, shall measure in gallons per minute, and shall be properly
sized to indicate the design rate of flow at approximately mid-scale. Gauges and flow meters
shall be readily accessible and clearly visible, shall be in good repair, and shall be located and
installed according to the manufacturer's specifications and recommendations.
Sec. 46-150. Pumps and Strainers.
(a) Pump. A removable and re-installable pump(s) shall be installed with
adequate capacity for the required turnover time specified in ~46-14 7(b). Whenever possible,
pump(s) shall be so located as to eliminate the need for priming. If the pump(s) or suction
piping is located above the overflow level of the swimming pool, the pump(s) shall be self-
priming. The pump(s) shall be capable of providing a flow adequate for the backwashing of
filters. Pumps shall be securely supported.
(b) Hair and lint strainer. All pressure filter systems shall have a hair and lint
strainer. The hair and lint strainer baskets shall be corrosion resistant with openings not
exceeding one-eighth (118) inch in size, which provide a free flow area of at least four (4)
times the area of the pump suction line at the strainer connection, and shall be accessible for
frequent cleaning. An extra hair and lint strainer basket shall be provided for each hair and
lint strainer.
Sec. 46-151. Piping System.
(a) The piping system for swimming pools shall be composed ofNSF
International listed materials or their equivalent designed for the following operations:
(1) filling the swimming pool;
(2) re-circulating the pool water through the treatment equipment;
(3) backwashing or washing each filter to waste;
(4) operating a suction cleaner (if provided);
(5) emptying the pool; and
(6) draining the system.
In addition, the piping system of any swimming pool containing a hydro-jet system or water
conditioning system shall be composed ofNSF International listed materials, or equivalent,
which are capable of supporting such systems.
(b) There shall be no direct connections between the swimming pool recirculation
system and the sewer or potable water supply. Fill spouts, when installed, shall be located
under diving boards, under guard chairs, adjacent to pool ladder handrails, or otherwise
protected to preclude a tripping hazard and shall be properly supported if not inherently self-
supporting. Fill spouts shall not project into the space above the pool water surface by more
than two (2) inches beyond the edge of the pool. Other means of filling the pool shall comply
with the VUSBC and be approved by the Building Official. Cross-connections shall be
prevented by providing an air gap between the highest possible flood level of the pool and the
pool fill spout. The air gap shall not be less than two (2) fill spout pipe diameters or less than
six (6) inches. An approved backflow preventer may substitute for the air gap.
(c) The system shall have a means of discharging filter backwash or other pool
water to waste as follows:
(1) Waste from backwashing or draining of a pool shall be discharged in a
manner approved by the Building Official. When only a sanitary sewer is available to a
swimming pool, the rate of discharge is subject to the approval ofthe appropriate authority for
sanitary sewers and treatment facilities.
(2) An air gap or air break to prevent a cross-connection between waste
discharge piping and recirculation piping shall be provided.
(3) Discharge receptor and piping of sufficient size to accept backwash
water and prevent backflooding.
(4) A sight glass in the backwash discharge line in a readily observable
location.
(5) In the event the backwash waste pipe will not accommodate the
backwash flow, the design and installation of a holding tank shall be required. The holding
tank shall be sized to contain one hundred and ten percent (110%) of the volume of water
required to adequately clean the filter(s) at the backwash flow rate and length of time
specified by the filter manufacturer.
(d) The visible piping system shall be securely anchored, supported or braced,
unless inherently self-supporting, and marked with permanent tags, labels or markings to
clearly identify the direction of flow and shall be color coded as follows:
(7)
Heater Piping:
Blue (to check valve)
Black
Yellow
White
Orange (to control valve)
Green (Auxiliary recirculation not part of the
filtration system; such as, but not limited to,
water features, jets, fountains, water falls,
aeration systems or similar features)
Red (to nearest isolation valves)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Freshwater:
Backwash:
Influent:
Effluent:
Suction Cleaner:
Recirculation
( e) All piping shall be designed to minimize friction losses and to carry the
required quantity of water at a velocity not to exceed eight (8) feet per second for copper
discharge piping, and ten (10) feet per second for discharge piping other than copper. Suction
velocity for all piping shall not exceed six (6) feet per second. Pipe suction velocity may also
be limited by the maximum flow rate specified by the manufacturer of the suction outlet
covers installed in the swimming pool.
(f) All piping and appurtenances included in the recirculation and filtration system
shall be inspected and approved by the Building Official prior to covering. All piping shall be
tested at the time of inspection to at least twenty-five (25) psi of pressure. All subsurface pool
piping shall be imbedded in and covered with sand or an approved equivalent.
(g) All valves shall be clearly identified with permanent markings or tags which
are referenced by a pool water recirculation system operation manual and/or placard.
Sec. 46-152. Main Drain Outlets.
(a) All swimming pools shall have a minimum of two (2) interconnected main
drain outlets that cannot be isolated by valves or other means, for each recirculation pump
system. Main drain outlets shall be located in the deepest part of the pool. All piping
associated with the main drain outlets shall be of equal diameter and each main drain shall be
of equal size. Main drain outlets and associated piping shall be hydraulically designed to
provide equal flow though each main drain outlet. A main drain outlet shall be no less than
three (3) feet and no more than twenty (20) feet from another main drain outlet, and no more
than fifteen (15) feet from a pool side wall.
(b) A main drain outlet opening shall be covered with a protective grate or anti-
vortex cover which is not hazardous to patrons, is anchored in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications and recommendations, and is designed to prevent body
entrapment or injury. Main drain grates or covers shall be secured so that their removal
requires the use of tools. Main drain covers shall be manufactured and installed according to
the specifications set forth by the ASME/ ANSI and NSF International standards for suction
fittings. The cover, frame, and all components shall be corrosion resistant and shall be
designed to withstand the maximum anticipated forces generated by active use. The total
water velocity through main drain outlets shall not exceed one and one half (112) feet per
second for water depths eight (8) feet and greater or one (1) foot per second for depths less
than eight (8) feet, and shall not exceed the maximum flow rate specified by the manufacturer
of the main drain cover.
(c) Other methods that prevent suction outlet body entrapment and injury may be
approved by the Building Official.
Sec. 46-153. Inlets.
All inlets located in pool walls shall be spaced not more than twenty (20) feet on center
around the pool perimeter. When inlets are located in the pool bottom, the number of inlets
and their location shall be designed to insure the proper distribution of filtered water. The
minimum number of bottom inlets shall be determined by dividing the perimeter of the pool,
in feet, by twenty (20). All wall inlets, except makeup water inlets and wading pool inlets
shall be at least fifteen (15) inches below the operating water level of the pool, except for
prefabricated gutters with forty-five (45) degree angle inlets in the bottom. Each inlet shall be
provided with a means of adjusting flow, through a range of at least fifty (50) percent of its
design capacity. Inlet flow controls shall be readily accessible.
Sec. 46-154. Pool Suction Cleaner.
A suction cleaner shall be provided. Where a suction cleaner is operated by the re-circulating
pump, a device or devices shall be provided for regulating the flow(s) from the pool outlets.
The suction cleaner line shall be connected through a hair and lint strainer. Portable electric
suction cleaners shall be UL rated and connected to a GFCI protected electrical outlet. Waste
from a portable suction cleaner shall be disposed of as solid waste. Hydraulic jet-type suction
cleaners shall be permitted in lieu of other suction cleaners if the fresh water pressure is thirty
(30) psi or greater and the water service line is provided with an approved backflow
preventer.
Sec. 46-155. Overflow Gutters and Skimmers.
Overflow gutters or skimmers shall be provided on the vertical walle s) of all swimming pools,
and designed to adequately skim the pool surface. The overflow gutter or skimming system
shall be capable of continuously removing eighty (80) percent or more of the re-circulated
water and returning it to the filter.
(a) Where overflow gutters are used, they shall extend completely around the
swimming pool except at steps, recessed ladders, ramps, and stairs. The overflow gutter shall
be designed to serve as a handhold. Overflow gutters having a surge capacity less than one
(1) cubic foot per linear foot of pool perimeter shall be indirectly connected to the
recirculating system through a properly sized and designed surge tank/balancing tank with a
minimum surge capacity of one (1) gallon per square foot of water surface area. Overflow
gutters having a surge capacity of one (1) cubic foot, or greater, per linear foot of pool
perimeter shall be connected to a properly sized and designed balancing tank. The gutter,
drains and piping draining to the surge tank/balancing tank shall be designed to rapidly
remove overflow water caused by recirculation, displacement, wave action or other causes
produced during the maximum swimming pool load. The opening into the gutter beneath the
coping shall not be less than four (4) inches and the interior width of the gutter shall not be
less than three (3) inches. Where gutters are used, they shall be designed to prevent patron
entrapment or injury. The overflow edge or lip shall be rounded and not greater than two and
one half (2\/z) inches thick for the top two (2) inches. The overflow outlets shall be provided
with outlet pipes at least two (2) inches in diameter. The outlet fittings shall have a clear
opening in the grating at least equal to one and one-half (1 \/z) times the cross-sectional area of
the outlet pipe.
(b) Where skimmers are used they shall be provided at the rate of one (1) skimmer
per forty (40) feet of pool perimeter or fraction thereof, or one (1) per four hundred (400)
square feet of pool water surface area or fraction thereof, whichever is greater. They shall be
spaced so as to provide maximum skimming action of the pool surface.
(1) Skimmer throats shall be no greater than the width required for ten (10)
inch weirs.
(2) Skimmer weirs shall be automatically adjustable to variations in water
level over a minimum range of four (4) inches.
(3)
in each skimmer.
A removable basket or screen to entrap large matter shall be provided
(4) The flow rate through the skimmer shall not be less than twenty (20)
gallons per minute, nor greater than thirty-five (35) gallons per minute. Each skimmer shall
be provided with a means of adjusting the flow through the skimmer.
(5)
interconnected.
Skimmer systems shall be designed so that all skimmers are
(6)
Skimmer lids shall be securely in place at all times.
Sec. 46-156. Decks.
(a) All swimming pools shall have a continuous deck at least five (5) feet wide,
including the width of the coping, extending around the entire perimeter of the pool. In
addition, there shall be at least three (3) feet of clear, unobstructed deck behind any diving
stand, guard stand, or other deck mounted equipment. All decks shall be constructed of
continuous poured concrete or other approved impervious material which shall have a smooth,
non-slip finish. All decks shall have a slope of not less than one to forty-eight (1 :48) or more
than one to twenty-four (1 :24) and shall be designed to conduct drainage away from the
swimming pool in a manner that will not create a slip hazard or contribute to the ponding of
water. Roof run-off or other drainage shall not be wasted onto the deck. All areas
surrounding the deck shall have surface drainage directed away from the pool deck area or be
served by a drainage system approved by the Building Official.
(b) Deck risers and steps shall comply with the VUSBC.
Sec. 46-157. Lighting.
(a) An indoor swimming pool or an outdoor swimming pool used after dark shall
be equipped with lighting fixtures to light all parts of the pool, the pool water, and the
swimming pool area. A sufficient number of light fixtures shall be installed to supply a
minimum often foot candles for the pool surface area and thirty (30) foot candles for the pool
deck area measured six (6) inches above the pool deck and water surface. The lighting
fixtures shall be designed and installed so that the lifeguard(s) and patrons can clearly see
every part of the swimming pool, including decks, diving boards, and other appurtenances,
without interference from glare. Lighting fixtures shall be installed in a manner which creates
no hazard to patrons or employees. All lighting fixtures shall be prohibited directly above the
water surface area or within three feet horizontally of the pool rim except as permitted by the
National Electrical Code. All light fixtures shall be shielded.
(b) Underwater pool lighting, when installed, shall provide at least one (1) watt per
square foot of water surface area, or the equivalent, and shall be equipped with GFCI(s) as
required by the National Electrical Code.
Sec. 46-158. Safety Requirements.
(a) Swimming pools equipped with pool water heaters shall have a fixed
thermometer installed in the main return line. The thermometer shall be located sufficiently
downstream from where the water heater effluent pipe connects to the main return line to
allow the mixing ofthe heated and unheated water. The thermometer shall be designed and
located so that it may be easily read.
(b) A separate room shall be provided for the care and isolation of victims of
injury, illness, or accident which is directly accessible from the pool deck. The room shall be
well lighted and ventilated, and shall be large enough to permit unrestricted movement of both
the victim and first-aid providers.
(c) A direct dial, hard-wired telephone that is fully operational shall be provided
within the swimming pool area. The phone shall be immediately accessible from the pool
deck. The phone shall be located so a clear and unobstructed view of the pool(s) is provided.
Emergency telephone numbers and the facility's name and address shall be posted by the
telephone.
(d) The depth of water in swimming pools shall be marked at everyone (1) foot
increment of depth and at least every twenty (20) feet of swimming pool perimeter on both
the horizontal surface of the deck and the vertical surface of the pool wall. Horizontal depth
markings shall be positioned to be read while standing on the deck facing the water. Depth
markings on deck surfaces shall be non-slip. All numbers and letters shall be at least five (5)
inches in height and be of contrasting color with the pool walls and deck. Depth markings are
not required for wading pools.
( e) Fixed, floating, or moveable platforms in swimming pools shall be constructed
with an air space of at least eighteen (18) inches between the water surface and the underside
of the platform or be provided with a barrier system at the perimeter of the device to prevent
access under the device.
(f) There shall be a minimum of one (1) lifeguard stand provided for every two
thousand (2,000) square feet of water surface area within the pool enclosure. Additional
lifeguard stands may be required where, due to the configuration of the pool, full visibility is
not provided from the installed lifeguard stand.
(g) A transition line on the bottom of the pool and a floating life line shall be
provided at the five (5) foot water depth between the shallow and deep portions of the
swimming pool. The transition line shall be constructed of tile that is of dark and high
contrasting color. The life line and transition line shall be located within six (6) inches on
either side of the break in slope to water greater than five (5) feet in depth. The life line shall
have clearly visible floats set at not greater than five (5) foot intervals. The transition line
shall be a minimum of two (2) inches wide. The life line shall be securely fastened to wall
anchors of corrosion resistant materials which shall be recessed and shall have no projections
into the pool. The line shall be of sufficient size and strength to offer a good handhold and
support loads normally imposed by swimmers.
(h) There shall be no protrusions, extensions, means of entanglement, or
obstructions which can cause entrapment or injury.
Sec. 46-159. Disinfection Equipment.
(a) All swimming pools shall be provided with approved mechanically operated,
positive displacement disinfectant feeding equipment, or other disinfection equipment
approved by the Building Official, which:
(1) Shall be capable of providing a continuous and effective residual of
disinfectant within the swimming pool water twenty-four (24) hours per day;
(2) Shall have a design feed rate which will provide effective disinfection
levels when the swimming pool is in peak demand conditions;
(3) Shall be capable of applying a dose the equivalent to maintain a
concentration of at least one ppm free chlorine throughout the swimming pool at all times of
operation.
(b) The use of chlorine gas as a disinfectant shall not adversely affect the safety
and health of patrons, pool personnel, or the public; shall comply with OSHA and City of
Fairfax Department of Fire and Rescue Services requirements; and shall comply with the
following:
(1) Chlorine gas feeding equipment and chlorine gas cylinders shall be
installed in a room separate from the filter room( s) and electrical panels and shall be equipped
with a lockable door. Gas chlorinator rooms shall be equipped with a forced draft fan
exhausting to the outside from the floor level. The exhaust fan shall provide a minimum of
sixty (60) air changes per hour. A fresh air inlet shall be provided near the ceiling. The gas
chlorinator room shall be located above ground level and below the deck level of all pools.
The chlorine gas tanks shall be protected from direct sunlight and securely fastened in place
during storage and use, and shall be mounted on a scale when in use. A self-contained gas
mask for chlorine or a gas mask with a supply of oxygen under positive pressure or
compressed air shall be provided at facilities where chlorine gas is utilized. The chlorine gas
mask shall be approved by the Bureau of Mines and the City of Fairfax Department of Fire
and Rescue Services. The gas mask shall be located accessible to, but outside of, the gas
chlorinator room. The chlorinator shall be provided with an emergency cut-off device to
prevent gas discharge or injection of gas during electrical outage. A gas chlorine detection
device with an alarm shall be provided.
(2) The use of gas chlorine as a disinfectant shall require a chemical feeder
for the feeding of sodium carbonate into the recirculation system.
(3) The use of gas chlorine as a disinfectant shall require that a supply of
ammonia hydroxide be present for the checking of leaks in the chlorination system.
(c) When the pool water recirculation system is equipped with an automatic
chemical control mechanism that continuously analyzes the pool water and automatically
activates chemical feeding, a water flow sensing device shall be provided that automatically
deactivates all associated chemical feeders when the water flow in the recirculation system
ceases.
(d) When bromine is used as the disinfectant, the following shall be followed:
(1) Bromine shall be fed on a continuous basis;
(2) A concentration of at least two (2) ppm bromine residual shall be
maintained throughout the pool water at all times. A maximum of six (6) ppm bromine
residual shall be permitted in any swimming pool during use.
(3) Solid stick or tablet type bromine shall be used with NSF International
certified commercial feed equipment.
Sec. 46-160. Fencing and Barriers.
All outdoor pool areas shall be completely enclosed with a perimeter fence, or equivalent
barrier, at least six (6) feet in height, measured from the highest ground elevation within three
feet adjacent to the outside of the barrier. Ifhorizontal surfaces are used, top planes must be
separated by a vertical distance that is no less than forty-five (45) inches and shall prohibit the
passage of a sphere larger than one and three-quarter (1 %) inches in diameter through any
opening in or under the fence or barrier. The fence or barrier shall be non-climbable from the
outside of the enclosure. Non-climbable shall mean no handholds, footholds, horizontal
members, or other features that are available, which would aid in climbing the fence from
outside of the barrier. There shall be no objects within a six (6) foot arc from the top of the
perimeter fence or barrier and no closer than three (3) feet to any part ofthe fence or barrier.
The material used to construct the fence or barrier shall be approved by the Building Official.
If the fence or barrier does not have horizontal surfaces, it shall be constructed so as to
prohibit the passage of a sphere larger than four (4) inches in diameter through any opening in
or under the fence or barrier. Access gates installed in the perimeter fence or barrier shall
have latches and locks at least forty-eight (48) inches above the deck or ground surface.
Emergency gate(s) having a minimum horizontal opening of eight (8) feet shall be provided
for outdoor pools. Where grassed areas are provided for patrons within the pool enclosure,
they shall be separated from the pool deck by a three (3) foot high control fence or equivalent
barrier equipped with a waist high shower at each entrance to the pool deck.
Sec. 46-161. Spectator Areas.
Spectators at swimming or diving meets and other special events shall not have access to and
shall be separated from the portions of the pool area used by swimmers or divers. Spectator
balconies shall not overhang within five (5) feet of any portion of the pool water surface.
Sec. 46-162. Drinking Fountains.
Each swimming facility shall have at least one (1) drinking fountain readily accessible to all
patrons within the pool area.
Sec. 46-163. Wading Pools.
Wading pools shall meet all applicable requirements of this Ordinance, and the following
additional requirements:
(a) The slope of the bottom of any wading pool shall be no greater than one to
twelve (1: 12) nor less than one to forty (1 :40).
(b) Wading pools shall be separated from any other swimming pool or spa pool by
a fence approved by the Building Official. The fence shall be at least three (3) feet in height
with a latching, self-closing, three (3) foot gate.
(c) A separate recirculation system shall be provided exclusively for the wading
pool.
(d) Wading pool skimmers and main drain outlets shall be interconnected with
equal diameter piping.
(e) The distance from the deck to the water level shall be six (6) inches or less.
(1) The total water velocity through the wading pool main drain outlets shall not
exceed one (1) foot per second.
Sec. 46-164. Slides, Sprinklers, Fountains, Activity Pools, Interactive Water Features
and Other Pool Equipment.
(a) Slides, sprinklers, fountains, activity pools, interactive water features, and
other pool equipment for which design standards are not contained in this Article shall meet
the design standards in Division 6 of this Ordinance or shall meet design standards approved
by the Building Official.
(b) Interactive water features shall be completely enclosed by a perimeter fence or
equivalent barrier at least three feet in height. Waist high foot showers shall be provided at all
entrances to the deck.
(c) The construction of filter room shall meet the requirements of Section 46-148.
The collector tank or reservoir shall be installed in accordance to manufacturer's
specifications.
(d) The disinfectant residual, pH, total alkalinity, and calcium hardness shall be
continuously maintained within the minimum and maximum ranges specified in the table
below:
IWF free chlorine 3.0 4.0 9.0
Combined chlorine 0.2
Bromine residual 2.0 4.0 - 6.0 9.0
Ph 7.2 7.4 -7.6 7.8
Total Alkalinity (ppm) 80 100 160
Calcium hardness (ppm) 200 200 - 400 800
(e) The operations of IWF facility shall be under the immediate control
of a person who possesses a valid pool operator's credential accepted by the Building Official.
Sec. 46-165-46-169. Reserved.
DIVISION 3. SWIMMING POOLS; OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.
Sec. 46-170. Security.
Swimming pool facilities shall be operated and maintained in a manner which will not create
a nuisance or hazard to the public's safety or health. The pool shall be adequately secured to
prevent unauthorized entry when not in use.
Sec. 46-171. Water Operating Levels.
The water level shall be maintained within the operating range of the skimmers or at the top
of the overflow rim of a gutter system at all times the swimming pool is open for use.
Sec. 46-172. Monitoring, Reporting, and Record Keeping.
The following information shall be recorded and maintained by the owner for a minimum of
one (1) year from the date of the recording, occurrence, or incident; and shall be available for
inspection at all times while the swimming pool is in operation:
(a) Water Quality Parameters and Maintenance.
(1) The disinfectant residual and pH shall be tested and the results recorded
at least once every two (2) hours while the pool is in use. ORP readings, if applicable, shall
also be recorded every two (2) hours while the pool is in use. The water temperature, for
heated pools, and the total chlorine residual, for pools utilizing chlorine, shall be tested and
recorded a minimum of once a day.
(2) Influent and effluent pressure gauge readings and the flow rate shall be
observed every two (2) hours and be recorded at least two (2) times per day; at least once
prior to opening to the public and during the last hour of operation. The date and time of each
backwash or filter cleaning shall be recorded.
(3) Total alkalinity and calcium hardness tests shall be performed and
recorded weekly, or more often as necessary to provide proper chemical balance of the pool
water. Cyanuric acid tests shall be performed and recorded weekly at all pools utilizing
cyanuric acid or chlorinated cyanurates.
(4) The date, time, type, and amount of any chemicals added to the pool
water shall be recorded. However, for chemicals added continuously with a chemical feeder,
only the type of chemical shall be documented.
(b) Other Records
(1) The owner shall immediately notify the Director of all drownings, near
drownings, injuries, water- related illness or deaths which have occurred. Notification of
minor injuries, such as minor abrasions or superficial cuts, shall not be required. Owners
shall submit a complete written drowning and injury report, containing all relevant facts and
information related to the incident, to the Director within seven (7) days of an incident. The
following information must be included in the report of all drownings, near drawings, injury,
water-related illness, or deaths which have occurred:
(i) Pool Operator on duty at time of incident
(ii) Date, time and exact location of incident
(iii) Name, age and certifications of persons involved in
incident
(iv) Number oflifeguards on duty at time of incident
(v) Exact locations of all lifeguards on duty
(vi) Pool and/or spa water clarity
(vii) Number of bathers in the pool
(viii) Number of patrons in the facility
(ix) Police Case number (if available)
(x) Injury description
(xi) Names of witnesses
(xii) Detailed description of accident
(2) Owners shall have available at the water recreation facility proof of the
credentials, training, and/or certifications required for personnel as detailed in ~46-119 and
~46-177.
(3) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all chemicals used at a
swimming pool facility shall be provided in a location readily accessible to all employees.
Section 46-173. Placards.
(a) The water test results specified in ~46-172(a)(1) shall be legibly and
conspicuously posted on a permanent, water-proof, and durable placard in a location where it
is readily observable by the patrons. The most recent required daily water quality test results,
including the date and time of day tested, shall be posted. The minimum and maximum
standards for these parameters, as specified in ~46-182, Table III, shall be included on the
placard. Water temperature shall also be posted for heated pools.
(b) Areas restricted to operating personnel only shall be prominently identified
with a permanent, legible placard stating "Authorized Personnel Only" including but not
limited to the filter and chemical storage rooms. The placards shall be conspicuously located
on the exterior of the doors to the restricted areas.
(c) A permanent, legible, placard(s) specifying facility rules and regulations
regarding personal health and safety shall be posted in plain view of patrons within the
facility.
(d) A permanent, legible, engraved plastic or laminated paper specification placard
shall be conspicuously displayed within the filter room(s) and shall be adequately lighted.
The following information shall be included on the placard:
(i) name and address of the facility.
(ii) volume in gallons.
(iii) water surface area in square feet.
(iv) minimum turnover time in hours.
(v) minimum rate of flow in gallons per minute to provide the required
turnover time.
(vi) maximum facility load, and maximum poolload(s).
(e) Separate legible placards shall be posted in an appropriate location within the
filter room(s) to describe the following pool operating procedures:
(1) Instructions on the proper operation of pumps and filters including the
valve line ups for filtration.
(2) Instructions on proper backwashing or cleaning procedures and valve
positions for backwashing.
(f) A separate, permanent, legible placard clearly indicating the maximum facility
load and individual swimming poolload(s) shall be conspicuously posted at the main entrance
to the swimming pool facility. The letters and numbers indicating the load(s) shall be a
minimum of two (2) inches in height.
Sec. 46-174. Precautions Relative to Communicable Disease.
Any person having an obvious skin disease, nasal or ear discharge, inflamed eye, or any
communicable disease shall be excluded from the facility.
Sec. 46-175. Food Service.
Any person in the process of eating or drinking shall remain in an area designated for the
consumption of food and drink. This area shall be at least ten (10) feet from the swimming
pool edge and shall be enclosed by a fence or suitable barrier. Glass containers are not
permitted in the pool area.
Sec. 46-176. Boisterous and Rough Play.
Boisterous and/or rough play and running is prohibited at any swimming pool facility.
Sec. 46-177. Lifeguards.
(a) There shall be at least one (1) lifeguard at all pool facilities. A minimum of
one lifeguard shall be required for every fifty (50) patrons or fraction thereof in the pool area.
Additional lifeguards may be required by the Director when deemed necessary for complete
visual coverage of the pool or when conditions exist that may compromise the health or safety
of pool patrons.
(b) Lifeguards shall be at least fifteen (15) years of age and shall be properly
trained and certified in accordance with nationally recognized standards equivalent to or
exceeding those set by the American Red Cross. Lifeguards shall also be trained and certified
in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in accordance with national standards equivalent to or
exceeding those set by the American Red Cross. It is the responsibility of each training
organization that issues lifeguard and/or CPR certifications to insure that the course standards
are equivalent to or exceed those set by the American Red Cross. Lifeguards shall have their
original document of certification and valid photo identification at the pool facility during
operation of the pool facility.
(c) Lifeguards shall wear distinguishing emblems on their clothing clearly
identifying them as lifeguards while on-duty. Lifeguards shall not be subject to duties that
would distract their attention from the proper observation of patrons in the pool area or that
would prevent immediate assistance to patrons in distress.
Sec. 46-178. Safety and Rescue Equipment; Other Safety Features.
(a) Every swimming pool facility shall be equipped with the following readily
accessible safety and rescue aids:
(1) A minimum of one (1) rescue tube shall be provided immediately
adjacent to each lifeguard stationed poolside. The rescue tube shall measure at least forty-five
(45) inches in length and shall provide adequate buoyancy to keep two (2) persons afloat in
the water.
(2) An approved first aid kit, which meets OSHA First Aid 29 CFR
1910.151 standards, shall be readily available. The kit shall meet the minimum requirements
of generic first aid kits according to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
2308.1-1978.
(3) A full-length backboard with straps shall be provided. The backboard
shall be buoyant, and capable of supporting a minimum of three hundred fifty (350) pounds,
center loaded, with minimal deflection. The backboard shall have an impervious surface and
be provided with runners, numerous hand/strap holes, and a minimum of three (3) backboard
straps.
(4) Provide one or more light, but strong, non-telescopic poles with blunted
ends not less than twelve feet in length including a body hook.
(b) Other Safety Features:
(1) The room designated for emergency care of casualties shall, at a
minimum, be equipped with an approved first aid kit, a cot, and two blankets. Filter or
chemical storage rooms shall not be used as emergency care rooms.
(2) All chemicals associated with the facility shall be stored and utilized in
a safe and approved manner in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
Incompatible chemicals shall not be stored in close proximity to each other. Cleaning
chemicals and supplies shall be stored in a safe manner, separate from swimming pool
chemicals. Chemicals shall be stored in properly labeled containers which shall be kept
covered at all times.
(3) Chemical vats shall be covered with proper lids and shall be provided
with an approved means of secondary containment such as an outer spill control container or a
spill pallet adequate in size and capacity to contain spills and leaks.
(4) Protective equipment, including but not limited to goggles or full face
shields; neoprene rubber gloves; and rubber aprons shall be provided and used by personnel
handling hazardous chemical compounds.
(5) Plugs or caps shall be installed at all pool suction cleaner outlet ports
when the suction cleaner is not in use. The main valve controlling the water flow from the
pool suction cleaner outlet ports shall be closed when the pool suction cleaner is not in use.
(6) All safety equipment and features required in this Ordinance shall be
maintained in good condition and repair.
(7) Pool water temperature shall not exceed one hundred four degrees
Fahrenheit (1040F).
(8) Safety signs shall be displayed in a prominent location warning against
diving into water depths less than five feet of water without specific supervision. The
letterings of the safety signs must be a minimum of five (5) inches in height.
Sec. 46-179. Laundering.
Bathing suits, towels and other reusable materials furnished by a swimming pool facility shall
be properly cleaned or laundered and disinfected before being issued to patrons.
Sec. 46-180. Water Contamination.
(a) The following information shall be posted at the entrance of every pool:
(1)
use the pool.
(2)
the toilet.
(3)
swim diaper.
(4)
If you have or have had diarrhea in the past two weeks, please do not
Shower your child and yourself before entering the pool or after using
Bathers who are not toilet trained or incontinent persons must wear a
Do not drink pool water.
(b) The introduction of body waste including sputum or vomitus, into a pool is
prohibited. Patrons wearing cloth or disposable diapers are prohibited from entering the pool
water. A pool contaminated by human feces or vomit shall be cleared immediately. The
following actions shall be taken prior to reopening the pool:
(1) In the event of well-formed stool contamination:
(i) Clear the pool.
(ii) Remove as much of the contaminating material as possible
using a net or scoop. Vacuuming is not recommended unless it discharges directly to waste.
(iii) Raise pool disinfectant level to a minimum of three (3) ppm and
adjust pH to a level of7.5 or less.
(iv) Prohibit patrons from entering the pool for a minimum of one
(1) hour.
(2) In the event of diarrhea or vomitus contamination:
(i) Clear the pool.
(ii) Remove as much contaminating material as possible from the
water using a net or scoop. Vacuuming is not recommended unless it discharges directly to
waste.
(iii) Raise pool disinfectant level to a minimum of three (3) ppm and
adjust pH to a level of7.5 or less.
(iv) Prohibit patrons from entering the pool for a minimum of two
(2) hours.
(3)
Cryptosporidiosis:
In the event of a fecal or vomitus contamination from a patron with
(i) Clear the pool.
(ii) Immediately notify the Director of the occurrence.
(iii) Remove as much of the contaminating material as possible from
the pool water. Vacuuming is not recommended unless it discharges directly to waste.
(iv) Raise pool disinfectant level to a minimum of twenty (20) ppm
and adjust pH to a level of 7.5 or less for a minimum of nine (9) hours.
(v) Patrons are prohibited from entering the pool during this time
period.
(vi) Achieve acceptable disinfectant residuals and chemical balance
as specified in 946-182, Table III prior to allowing patrons to enter the pool.
Sec. 46-181. Water Clarity.
When a swimming pool is open for use, the water shall be considered sufficiently clear when
the main drain grates are clearly visible.
Sec. 46-182. Water Treatment and Test Equipment.
(a) The following chemicals may be used to treat swimming pool water: aluminum
sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium hypochlorite, carbon dioxide, cyanuric acid, lime, muriatic
acid, polyaluminum chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bisulfate, sodium carbonate,
sodium hypochlorite, sodium thiosulphate, approved algaecides, approved bromine
compounds, and approved chelating, sequestering, and clarifying agents. No other chemicals
shall be used to treat swimming pool water without prior written authorization from the
Director.
(b) Aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride shall not be fed continuously
into a recirculation system using rapid sand filters. Formation of the floc shall be achieved
separately and applied directly to the filter influent during the rewash and continuing into the
early part of the filter cycle.
(c) Chemical water quality standards for swimming pools shall be as follows:
(1) Except as noted below, disinfectant residual, pH, total alkalinity, and
calcium hardness shall be continuously maintained within the minimum and maximum ranges
specified in Table III. If the swimming pool is equipped with automatic chemical controllers
utilizing ORP measurements, ORP shall be maintained within the ranges specified in Table
III. Disinfectant residual limits specified in Table III may be exceeded in pools with automatic
chemical controllers, which utilize ORP measurements and continually analyze and
automatically control pH and the disinfectant residual, only if necessary to maintain the ORP
specified in Table III. However, the disinfectant residual shall not exceed ten (10) ppm in
such pools. The use of ORP sensing equipment does not eliminate the requirement for routine
water testing specified in 946-172. Disinfectant residual limits specified in Table III may be
exceeded when superchlorinating a swimming pool provided that no patrons are present in the
swimming pool water and that the disinfectant level is returned to the acceptable range prior
to allowing patrons to enter the swimming pool water.
Free Chlorine Residual ( m 1 1-3 10
Combined Chlorine Residual ( m 0 0 0.2
Bromine Residual ( pm) 2 2-4 6
Oxidation Reduction Potential 650 750 - 900 N/A
H 7.2 7.4 -7.6 7.8
Total Alkalinit ( m) 60 80 - 120 180
Calcium Hardness (ppm) 150 200 - 400 1000
(2) Except as noted in 946-182(c)(I)&(d), disinfectant residuals shall be
maintained within the ranges specified in Table III, twenty-four (24) hours per day,
through the use of automatic disinfection equipment specified in 946-159. For swimming
pools that backwash/clean filters to storm drains, streams, lakes or other bodies of water,
disinfectant levels may be temporarily reduced immediately prior to the
backwashing/cleaning of filters, provided the swimming pool facility is not open for
patron use.
(d) If Cyanuric acid or chlorinated cyanurates is used in an outdoor swimming
pool, the Cyanuric acid levels and disinfectant residuals shall be maintained within the
following ranges:
(1) A free chlorine residual of at least two (2) ppm shall be maintained for
Cyanuric acid levels from zero (0) to fifty (50) ppm.
(2) The concentration of Cyanuric acid shall not exceed fifty (50) ppm.
(3) The use of Cyanuric acid or other chlorine stabilizers is prohibited in
indoor swimming pools.
(e) An approved water quality test kit for determining free and total chlorine or
total bromine residuals, pH, total alkalinity, and calcium hardness shall be provided and
maintained. Provisions shall be made for checking superchlorination levels. Diethyl-p-
phenylene diamine (DPD), or other testing reagent approved by the Director, is required for
determining free halogen residual. If another disinfectant has been approved by the Director
for use at a swimming pool, an appropriate test kit approved by the Director shall be provided
and maintained. A test kit for measuring the concentration of Cyanuric acid, accurate within
five (5) ppm, shall be provided at each swimming pool using Cyanuric acid or chlorinated
cyanurates.
(f) Hand-feeding of chemicals shall not be permitted during hours of operation or
within thirty (30) minutes prior to opening.
Sec. 46-183. Design Load.
The maximum individual swimming pool bather load shall be determined by dividing the total
water surface area in square feet of each swimming pool within the swimming pool facility by
twenty seven (27) square feet. The designated maximum individual swimming pool bather
load and the maximum facility load shall not be exceeded. The pool operator shall be
responsible for enforcing the maximum individual swimming pool bather load and the
maximum facility load. The maximum facility load may be temporarily exceeded to allow for
spectators of special events, such as recreational swimming meets or other water sport
activities, provided that the spectators shall not have access to and shall be separated from the
pool(s) both during and after the event.
Sec. 46-184. Spectators.
No person in street shoes shall be allowed on the deck of a swimming pool within five (5)-feet
of the pool edge. Exceptions may be made for participants and spectators of swimming meets
or other water sport activities, operating personnel, personnel engaged in repair work or the
Director.
Sec. 46-185-46-189. Reserved.
DIVISION 4. SPA POOLS; DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.
Sec. 46-190. Location.
The location of a spa pool shall in no way hinder the operations for which it is designed, nor
adversely affect patron safety or water quality.
Sec. 46-191. Access.
Direct and unobstructed access to any spa pool area shall be provided as specified in S46-
138(a). Emergency access to indoor or elevated spa pools shall be provided as specified in
S46-138(b).
Sec. 46-192. Construction Materials.
Spa pools shall be constructed of materials specified in S46-139.
Sec. 46-193. Design.
Subject to the provisions below, a spa pool may be of any dimension or shape, provided that
satisfactory recirculation of water can be obtained and that no undue hazards to patrons are
created. The dimension or shape shall comply with the following specifications:
(a) The maximum water depth shall be four (4) feet measured from the water line.
(b) The maximum depth of any seat or sitting bench shall not be more than
twenty-four (24) inches below the water line.
(c) All comers shall be coved as specified in g46-143.
(d) The slope of the floor shall not exceed a ratio of one to twelve (1: 12).
Sec. 46-194. Hydrostatic Pressure Relief Valve.
Hydrostatic pressure relief valves shall be installed as specified in S46-141 unless it can be
demonstrated that the spa pool will not be displaced by hydrostatic pressure.
Sec. 46-195. Handholds.
Spa pools shall be provided with suitable handholds as specified in S46-145.
Sec. 46-196. Stairs and Bench Seats.
(a) Spa pool stairs shall be provided where water depths are greater than twenty-
four (24) inches.
(b) The design and construction of spa pool stairs and bench seats shall conform to
the following specifications:
(1) Step treads shall have a minimum unobstructed horizontal depth of ten
(10) inches and a minimum continuous width of twenty-four (24) inches.
(2) Riser heights shall not be less than seven (7) inches nor greater than
twelve (12) inches. The bottom tread shall not serve as a bench or seat.
(3) Each set of stairs shall be provided with a minimum of one (1) handrail
to fully service all treads and risers.
(4) The top and leading edge of all stair treads shall be marked on the
horizontal surface as specified in S46-146(B)(3).
(5) The step treads of all stairs shall be of non-slip construction.
(6) A minimum of one (1) means of egress shall be provided for spa pools
with a perimeter of fifty (50) feet or less. One (1) additional means of egress shall be
provided for each additional fifty (50) feet of pool perimeter, or fraction thereof. Additional
means of egress may be required as determined by the Director. The location of the means of
egress shall be determined by the design of the spa pool.
Sec. 46-197. Decks.
All spa pools shall have a continuous deck, at least five (5) feet in width, extending around at
least fifty (50) percent of the spa pool. Except as provided above, decks shall comply with the
requirements specified in S46-156.
Sec. 46-198. Lighting.
Lighting shall be provided according to all applicable specifications of S46-157.
Sec. 46-199. Safety Requirements.
(a)
158(D).
Spa pool depth markings shall comply with the requirements specified in S46-
(b) There shall be no protrusions, extensions, means of entanglement or
obstructions which can cause entrapment or injury.
(c) A timer switch that automatically shuts off the hydrotherapy jets and air
blowers shall be provided. The timer switch shall be readily accessible to patrons and be
located directly adjacent to the spa pool and shall have a maximum setting which does not
exceed fifteen (15) minutes. The timer switch shall not be accessible from within the spa
pool.
(d) A prominently identified and conspicuously located spa pool emergency pump
cut-off switch shall be provided at each spa pool and shall be immediately accessible from the
spa pool deck to be used strictly in the event of an emergency. The emergency switch shall
deactivate all spa pool pumps. An "EMERGENCY PUMP CUT -OFF SWITCH" sign shall
be posted at the switch, and shall have letters at least two (2) inches in height which are color
contrasted with the background color of the sign. The emergency pump cut-off switch shall
not be capable of activating the spa pool pumps.
(e) If the telephone specified in ~46-158(C) is not provided, a direct dial, hard-
wired telephone that is fully operational shall be provided within one hundred (100) feet of
the spa pool and shall be readily accessible at all times. The facilities name, address, and the
emergency numbers, including the phone number for the pool operator, shall be posted by the
telephone.
Sec. 46-200. Fencing and Barriers.
Fencing and barriers shall be provided as specified in ~46-160. In addition, for indoor spa
pool facilities, locked doors or an equivalent barrier acceptable to the Director shall be
provided to prevent the entry of unauthorized individuals.
Sec. 46-201. Drinking Fountains.
Each spa pool facility shall have at least one (1) drinking fountain readily accessible to all
patrons.
Sec. 46-202. Inlets, Outlets, Piping, Drains, and Skimmers.
(a) Spa pool inlets and outlets shall be provided and arranged to maintain a
uniform circulation of water and disinfectant residual.
(b) All spa pool piping shall comply with the requirements specified in ~46-151,
except only subsurface spa pool piping which is not integrally included in the manufacture of
the spa pool shall be embedded in and covered with sand or an approved equivalent.
(c) All spa pools shall be provided with a minimum of one (1) skimmer. Spa pool
skimmers shall comply with the requirements specified in ~46-155(b).
(d) Spa pool suction outlets shall be designed so that each pumping system in the
spa pool provides one of the following alternatives:
(1) Two (2) or more interconnected suction outlets. The system shall be
designed so that none of the outlets can be isolated from the suction line by a valve or by any
other means. All piping associated with the suction outlets shall be of equal diameter and each
suction outlet shall be of equal size. Suction outlets and associated piping shall be
hydraulically designed to provide equal flow through each suction outlet. The open area of
the suction outlets shall be covered with suitable protective grates or covers that are anchored
using manufacturer supplied parts in strict accordance with the manufacturer's specifications
and recommendations and shall be designed to prevent body entrapment or injury. The
suction outlet covers shall be secured so that their removal requires the use of tools. Suction
outlet covers shall be manufactured and installed according to the latest specifications set
forth by the ASME/ANSI and NSF International standards for suction fittings. The cover,
frame and all components shall be corrosion resistant and shall be designed to withstand the
maximum anticipated forces generated by active use. If the suction outlets are main drain
outlets, they shall have antivortex covers or grates, shall be located in the deepest part of the
spa pool, and shall be capable of draining the pool. The total water velocity through suction
outlets, with the exception of skimmers, shall not exceed one (1) foot per second and shall not
exceed the maximum flow rate specified by the manufacturer of the suction outlet cover.
(2) Other methods that prevent suction outlet body entrapment or injury
may be approved by the Director.
( e) If fill spouts are used at spa pools, they shall be installed according to
applicable requirements specified in S46-151(b).
Sec. 46-203. Recirculation System.
(a) All spa pools shall be equipped with a recirculation system consisting of at
least a pump, connecting piping, fittings, valves, a filter, disinfecting equipment, necessary
pipe connections to the inlets and outlets, skimmer(s) and main drains.
(b) The recirculation system shall be designed for a maximum turnover time of
fifteen (15) minutes.
(c) Adequate provision shall be made for backwashing or cleaning the filters.
(d) A separate recirculation system shall be provided for each spa pool.
Sec. 46-204. Filters and Gauges.
(a) The recirculation system of a spa pool shall be equipped with a filtration
system that will filter the entire volume of the spa pool at the rate specified in S46-203(b).
(b) Only high-rate sand, diatomaceous earth or replaceable cartridge filters shall be
used for spa pools. Other filtration systems may be used with the approval ofthe Director.
Except as provided above, filters and associated piping and valves shall comply with the
requirements specified in S46-l49(a).
(c) Pressure gauges and flow meters shall be installed as specified in S46-l49(b).
(d) When cartridge filters are used, an extra set of cartridge filters shall be on-site.
Sec. 46-205. Pumps and Strainers.
A pump(s) shall be provided with adequate capacity to re-circulate the spa pool water at the
rate specified S46-203(b). Pump(s) and strainer(s) shall meet the requirements specified in
S46-l50(a)&(b), except the turnover time specified in S46-203(b) shall be achieved.
Sec. 46-206. Filter Room.
A filter room(s) shall be provided which meets the requirements specified in S46-l48, except
that this room(s) shall not be required to be directly accessible from the spa pool area.
Sec. 46-207. Air induction Systems.
(a) An air induction system, when provided, shall prevent water back-up that
could cause electrical shock hazards.
(b) Air intake sources shall be positioned to minimize introduction of
contaminants, such as deck water and dirt, into the spa pool.
(c) Integral air passages shall be pressure tested at one and one-half (112) times the
intended working pressure during the time of installation to ensure airtight integrity.
Sec. 46-208. Disinfection Equipment.
(a) All spa pools shall be provided with disinfection equipment meeting the
requirements specified in S46-l59(a)&(c).
(b) Chlorine gas shall not be used as a disinfectant in spa pools.
Sec. 46-209-46-213. Reserved.
DIVISION 5. SPA POOLS; OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.
Sec. 46-214. Security.
Spa pool facilities shall be operated and maintained as specified in ~46-170.
Sec. 46-215. Water Operating Levels.
The water level shall be maintained within the operating range of the skimmer or at the top of
the overflow rim of a gutter system at all times the spa is open for use.
Sec. 46-216. Monitoring, Reporting, and Record Keeping.
Spa pool water testing shall be performed as specified in ~46-172. In addition, the dates and
times the spa pool is drained and cleaned shall be recorded.
Sec. 46-217. Placards.
Placards shall be provided as specified in ~46-1 73.
Sec. 46-218. Precautions Relative to Communicable Disease.
Precautions relative to communicable disease specified in ~46-17 4 shall be enforced.
Sec.46-219. Food Service.
P ood service shall be limited as specified is ~46-1 75.
Sec. 46-220. Boisterous and rough play.
Boisterous and/or rough play and running at any spa pool facility is prohibited.
Sec. 46-221. Temperature Requirements.
~
Spa pool water temperature shall not exceed one hundred four degrees Fahrenheit (1040P). A
thermostat shall be provided for the control of the spa pool water temperature. An accurate,
impact resistant spa pool thermometer shall be kept in each spa pool for measuring water
temperature.
Sec. 46-222. Safety and Rescue Equipment; Other Safety Features.
(a) Every spa pool facility shall be equipped with the following readily accessible
safety and rescue aids:
(1) An approved first aid kit, which meets OSHA First Aid 29 CPR
1910.151 standards, shall be readily available. The kit shall meet the minimum requirements
of generic first aid kits according to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Z308.1-1978.
(2) A full-length backboard shall be provided as specified in ~46-
178(a)(3).
(3) A working clock shall be provided which is clearly visible from within
the spa pool.
(b) Other safety features:
(1) The following recommendations for safe use of the spa shall be posted
at the entrance of every spa pool:
(i) Do not use alone.
(ii) Pregnant women, elderly persons and persons suffering from
heart disease, diabetes or abnormal blood pressure or other at-risk persons should not enter the
spa pool without consulting a physician.
(iii) Do not use the spa pool while under the influence of alcohol,
tranquilizers, or other drugs which may cause drowsiness, alter blood pressure or put the
patron at risk.
(iv) Do not use at water temperatures above one hundred four
degrees Fahrenheit l04oF.
(v) Unsupervised use by children is prohibited.
(vi) Enter and exit slowly.
(vii) Limit your use of the spa pool to a maximum of fifteen (15)
minutes at one time.
(viii) Cool down before revisit.
(ix) Long exposure may result in nausea, dehydration, dizziness,
fainting or death.
(x) The use of oils, body lotions and mineral bath salts is
prohibited.
(xi) Patrons with symptoms of a communicable disease are
prohibited from entering the spa pool.
(xii) Failure to comply with these regulations constitutes grounds for
exclusion from the premises or management action as necessary.
(2) All chemicals associated with spa pools shall be stored and utilized in a
safe and approved manner as specified in ~46-l78(b )(2).
(3) Protective equipment shall be provided for handling hazardous
chemicals as specified in ~46-l78(b)( 4).
(4) Filter and chemical storage rooms shall be locked at all times when
authorized personnel are not present.
Sec. 46-223. Laundering.
Bathing suits, towels and other reusable materials furnished by a spa pool facility shall be
properly cleaned or laundered and disinfected before being issued to patrons.
Sec. 46-224. Water Clarity.
When a spa pool is open for use, the water shall be considered sufficiently clear when the
main drain grates are clearly visible.
Sec. 46-225. Water Treatment and Test Equipment.
(a) No chemicals other than those specified in S46-182(a) shall be used to treat spa
pool water without written authorization from the Director.
(b) Except as noted below, disinfectant residual, pH, total alkalinity, and calcium
hardness shall be continuously maintained within the minimum and maximum ranges
specified in Table IV. If the spa pool is equipped with automatic chemical controllers
utilizing ORP measurements, ORP shall be maintained within the ranges specified in Table
IV. Disinfectant residual limits specified in Table IV may be exceeded in pools with
automatic chemical controllers, which utilize ORP measurements and continually analyze and
automatically control pH and the disinfectant residual, only if necessary to maintain the ORP
specified in Table IV. However, the disinfectant residual shall not exceed ten (10) ppm in
such pools. The use of ORP sensing equipment does not eliminate the requirement for routine
water testing specified in S46-2l6. Disinfectant residual limits specified in Table N may be
exceeded when superchlorinating a spa pool provided that no patrons are present in the spa
pool water and that the disinfectant level is returned to the acceptable range prior to allowing
patrons to enter the spa pool water.
Free Chlorine Residual ( m 2 3-5 10
Combined Chlorine Residual ( m 0 0 0.2
Bromine Residual ( m) 2 3-5 10
Oxidation Reduction Potential (millivolts) 650 750 - 900 N/A
H 7.2 7.4 - 7.6 7.8
Total Alkalinit 60 80 - 120 180
Calcium Hardness ( m) 150 200 - 400 1000
(c) If cyanuric acid or chlorinated cyanurates is used in an outdoor spa pool, the
cyanuric acid levels and disinfectant residuals shall be maintained within the following
ranges:
(1) A free chlorine residual of at least four (4) ppm shall be maintained for
cyanuric acid levels from zero (0) to fifty (50) ppm. The concentration of cyanuric acid shall
not exceed fifty (50) ppm. The use of cyanuric acid or other chlorine stabilizers is prohibited
in indoor spa pools.
(d) An approved water quality test kit shall be provided as specified in S46-182( e).
(e) Hand- feeding of chemicals shall not be permitted while the spa pool is open or
accessible to patrons and within thirty (30) minutes of opening.
Sec. 46-226. Water Contamination.
The introduction of body wastes, including sputum or vomitus, into a spa pool is prohibited.
A spa pool contaminated by human feces or vomit shall be closed immediately and the
following additional actions shall be taken by the spa pool operator:
(a) Remove contaminating material from the pool water.
(b) Backwash the filters.
(c) Drain the spa pool.
(d) Clean and disinfect the bottom and sidewalls of the spa pool and skimmers.
. (e) Refill with potable water.
Sec. 46-227. Posting of Water Quality Test Results and Water Quality Standards.
The water tests indicated in S46-216 shall be conducted and the results posted as specified in
S46-173(a).
Sec. 46-228. Design Load.
The maximum individual spa pool bather load shall be calculated by dividing the total water
surface area in square feet of each spa within the spa pool facility by ten (10) square feet or
shall be determined by the Director at the time of construction. The designated maximum
individual spa pool bather load and the maximum facility load shall not be exceeded. The
pool operator shall be responsible for enforcing the maximum individual spa pool bather load
and the maximum facility load.
Sec. 46-229-46-233. Reserved.
Division 6. Waterpark Facilities; Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance.
Sec. 46-234. Scope.
This Division addresses the special design, construction, operation and maintenance
considerations unique to waterpark facilities.
Sec. 46-235. Design.
(a) Waterpark facilities shall meet or exceed the following design and construction
standards in effect at the time of construction, including but not limited to:
(1)
Specifications contained in this Ordinance.
(2)
ASTM F-24 "Standards on Amusement Rides and Devices."
(3)
"Virginia Amusement Device Regulations."
(4)
recommendations.
Industry standards and manufacturer's specifications and
(b) The proposed design shall be reviewed and approved by a licensed engineer.
(c) Waterpark facilities shall be designed to provide for the safety of the patron
and proper recirculation of the pool water. The design shall include, but not be limited to the
following:
(1) Absence of protrusions, pinch hazards, extensions, means of
entanglement, or other obstructions which can cause entrapment or injury.
(2) Construction tolerances conforming with ANSI public pool standards.
(d) A report, prepared by a licensed engineer, that certifies the design of the
waterpark facility is consistent with accepted safety engineering practices, industry standards,
manufacturer's specifications and recommendations, and this Ordinance, shall be included
with the original plans and specifications submitted to the Director for review.
(1) The report shall address issues related to safety design, including the
ergonomic aspects of biomechanics for waterpark facilities.
(2) The report shall substantiate that a comprehensive risk analysis was
made of the waterpark, including a risk analysis of each separate component and of the
components interaction with other elements of the water park.
(3) The report shall demonstrate that the waterpark design protects the
patron, under foreseeable conditions and normal usage and behavior, from exposure to injury.
Elements to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:
(i)
(ii)
patron.
(iii)
(iv)
direction.
The activity shall contain the patron.
The activity shall provide clear and smooth passage of the
The activity shall maintain designed patron speeds.
The activity shall provide smooth transitions in speed and
(v) The activity shall provide for safe landing and/or
disembarkation of the patron.
(vi) The activity shall accommodate continuous patron surveillance
by lifeguards and attendants, except for an enclosed, tubular chute or flume where the patron
shall be monitored at the points of entry and exit by qualified operation personnel.
(4) The report shall specify the maximum pool loads and the maximum
facility load.
(5) The report shall be accompanied by a facility operation and
maintenance manual which includes manufacturer's specifications and recommendations for
each attraction regarding operation and maintenance of the attraction to include but not be
limited to the following:
(i) Appropriate construction drawings.
(ii) Maintenance instructions.
(iii) Operation instructions.
(iv) Staffing requirements and procedures.
(v) Instructional and warning signage.
(6) Upon completion of the waterpark facility and prior to issuance of the
owner's seasonal or annual permit, an addendum to the report, prepared by a licensed
engineer, shall be submitted to the Director. The report addendum shall certify that each
attraction has been tested under normal operating conditions and found to perform
satisfactorily. The Director may require that the testing procedure be witnessed by one or
more designees of the Director. The addendum shall also certify that the waterpark facility
was constructed as detailed in the plans and specifications approved by the Director and
consistent with accepted safety engineering practices, industry standards, manufacturer's
specifications and recommendations, the report described in S46-235( d) and this Ordinance.
(e) The following specific types ofwaterpark facility attractions shall comply with
the requirements indicated:
(1) Water chutes or flumes and inner-tube rides shall be provided with:
(i) Control of unauthorized patron access at entry and exit areas,
and points along the attraction not designed for entry or exit.
(ii) Handrails and non-slip walking surfaces at attraction entry and
exit areas.
(iii) Attendant stations for patron control that have direct line of
sight between the entry and exit area of each attraction except as provided in ~46-
235(d)(3)(vi). Additional attendant stations may be required by the Director to provide
complete visual coverage of the attraction.
(iv) An effective internal communication system that allows direct
communication between the attendants stationed at the entry areas, exit areas, and/or
additional locations along the attraction as necessary.
(v) All structure supported attractions shall be designed to prevent
water leaks, discharge, and splashout to minimize or eliminate structural deterioration, under
structure erosion, loss of structural support or other safety hazards.
(vi) Instruments shall be provided to measure the flow of water
through each attraction.
(vii) Any tethered attractions shall not pose a pinch, puncture, or any
other safety hazard.
(2) Receiving pools shall have the minimum clearances detailed in Figure
II for flume or chute entrances into pools. Sufficient distance shall be provided between the
flumes or chutes to prevent collision. Receiving pools shall also meet the following
requirements:
(i) The flume or chute sliding surface of waters Ii des shall end at or
below the pool operating water level.
(ii) The flume or chute shall be perpendicular to the wall of entry
for a minimum often (10) feet.
(iii) Receiving pools for drop slides shall comply with the
manufacturer's specifications and recommendations.
Figure II: Minimum Clearances for Flume or Chute Entry to Receiving Pools.
A
B
C
5 Feet
6 Feet
20 Feet
Minimum distance from edge of flume to side of pool
Minimum distance between edges of parallel flumes
Minimum distance from where flume terminates to
opposite side of pool
c
(3) Children's activity pools shall comply with the specifications listed in
S46-163 except as specified in this Division, including compliance with the following
specifications:
(i) A maximum depth of twenty-four (24) inches.
(ii) Children's activity pools which are part of a larger pool shall be
protected from areas with water depths greater than twenty-four (24) inches by providing:
(A) A dark, nonslip tile transition line on the bottom ofthe
pool along the entire two (2) foot water depth contour. The transition line shall be a minimum
of two (2) inches wide. The transition line shall be of high contrasting color.
(B)
exceeding one to twelve (1:12).
A transition zone with a maximum floor slope not
(iii) Where "climb-on" toys and attractions are provided, impact
absorption materials shall be provided in areas where ejection or falls can reasonably be
expected to occur.
(4) Wave pools shall comply with the following specifications:
(i) Walls of wave pools shall be vertical with a minimum six (6)
inch radius of curvature between the wall and pool bottom.
(ii) Decks shall have a minimum width often (10) feet along the
shallow end.
(iii) A chainlink fence, or similar restrictive barrier acceptable to the
Director, shall be installed to direct patrons to access the wave pool from the shallow area.
The fence shall be a minimum of thirty-six (36) inches in height and at least four (4) feet out
from the edge of the coping or pool/deck juncture, and shall be provided adjacent to water
depths twenty-four (24) inches or greater. The fence shall be exclusive of the perimeter fence
or barrier. Emergency exit openings in the fence or barrier shall be provided at a minimum of
one (1) per fifty (50) feet of pool sidewall and shall be a minimum of four (4) feet in width.
(iv) Prominently identified and conspicuously located wave pool
emergency cut-off switch( es) that terminate wave action shall be provided at each wave pool.
One emergency cut-off switch shall be provided for everyone (100) hundred feet of pool
perimeter or fraction thereof. Cut-off switches shall be immediately accessible to each
lifeguard. Cut-off switches are to be used strictly in the event of an emergency. An
"EMERGENCY WAVE CUT -OFF SWITCH" sign shall be posted at the switch, and shall
have letters at least four (4) inches in height which are color contrasted with the background
color of the sign. The emergency cut-off switch shall not be capable of activating the wave
action.
(v) A public address system shall be provided for use by authorized
personnel, which is clearly audible to all portions of the wave pool.
(vi) Pool depths shall be measured without wave action.
(vii) A warning horn and flashing light shall be provided that
automatically signals prior to the initiation of wave action. Sufficient time shall be allowed
between the warning hom/flashing light and the initiation of wave action to allow patrons the
option of leaving the wave pool.
(5)
miles per hour.
Slow river attractions shall have a maximum current speed of three (3)
(6) For activity pools in which climb-on toys and attractions are provided
in water depths less than thirty-six (36) inches, impact absorption materials shall be provided
in areas where ejection or falls can reasonably be expected to occur. Impact absorption
materials may also be required in other areas of the facility as determined by the Director.
Sec. 46-236. Location.
The location of a waterpark facility shall in no way hinder the operations for which it is
designed nor adversely affect patron safety or water quality. Pools within the waterpark
facility shall be greater than fifteen (15) feet from any structure, object, or land formation
from which a patron could jump into a pool unless, at the discretion of the Director, other
measures have been taken that are sufficient to prevent patrons from jumping from the
structure, object, or land formation. The Director has the discretion to determine that the
minimum fifteen (15) foot distance requirement does not apply to certain segments of
attractions or to barriers provided to prevent unauthorized access to pools. The Director may
impose additional access restrictions.
Sec. 46-237. Access.
Additional emergency access gates and lanes, in excess of those required by S46-138, may be
required as determined by the Director to allow immediate access to all areas within the
waterpark facility.
Sec. 46-238. Slope of Bottom.
The slope ofwaterpark facility pools shall comply with the requirements specified in S46-142
with the exception of the waterpark facility pools listed below:
(a) Receiving or exiting pools. The maximum slope shall not exceed one to seven
(1 :7) where total water depth is less than forty-eight (48) inches.
(b) Activity pools. The maximum slope shall not exceed one to twelve (1:12) up
to a water depth of five (5) feet in activity pools where users enter and participate in extended
activities.
(c) Wave Pools. The maximum slope shall not exceed one to twelve (1 :12) where
water depths range from zero (0) to three and one-half (3lf2) feet and shall not exceed one to
nine (1 :9) where water depths exceed three and one-half (3.5) feet.
Sec. 46-239. Handholds and Handrails.
(a) All pools at waterpark facilities shall be provided with suitable handholds
around their perimeter. One handrail for every seven (7) feet, or fraction thereof, of exit area
width or perimeter shall be provided at exit steps from receiving pools.
(b) Handholds may consist of anyone or a combination of the following:
(1 ) Coping, gutter ledges or flanges, or decks which have a top edge that
provides a suitable slip resistant handhold located not more than twelve (12) inches above the
water line.
(2) Ladders, steps or handrails.
(3) Other methods approved by the Director.
Sec.46-240. Stairs, Steps and Ladders.
Stairs, steps, and ladders shall be constructed as detailed in S46-146 except for the
circumstances outlined below.
(a) The stairs, ramps, and platforms associated with structure supported attractions
shall be designed to provide for the safety of the intended users and shall take into account the
following:
(i) Heavy patron loads.
(ii) Slip hazards.
(iii) Properly located and sized handrails.
(b) Wave pools shall be provided with recessed ladders or step holes with vertical
grab bars at water depths greater than three and one-half (3l1z) feet, for emergency exit only,
spaced at intervals of not greater than fifty (50) feet.
(c) Stairs and steps shall be recessed into the pool wall or deck.
(d) Handrails shall extend over the coping or edge of the deck.
( e) Ladders or footholds shall be provided to allow patron exit from pools greater
than four (4) feet in water depth, except in receiving pools which bring the user toward a
shallow water depth area after entering the water.
(f) A minimum of one (1) exit shall be provided for every fifty feet or fraction
thereof of pool perimeter for pools whose water depth is greater than four (4) feet. At least
two (2) means of egress/ingress shall be provided for each diving area or drop slide receiving
pool. The exits shall be arranged to prevent exit paths from crossing slide discharge paths.
(g) Slow river attractions shall be provided with properly sized recessed stairwells
or rampways with handrails. Entry and exit points shall be sufficiently wide to easily
accommodate patrons boarding on or disembarking from flotation devices.
(h) Additional handrails at entry and exit areas may be required as determined by
the Director.
Sec. 46-241. Recirculation Systems.
The recirculation system shall meet all of the requirements specified in S46-147 except as
specified below:
(a) The recirculation system for all pools at a waterpark facility, other than those
specified in S46-147(b), shall be designed to accommodate the following required maximum
turnover time:
(1) Children's Activity Pool, one (1) hour.
(2) Wave pool, two (2) hours.
(3) Receiving pool that is completely separate from the main body ofthe
pool, has no more than two (2) attractions, and has a volume of twenty thousand (20,000)
gallons or less shall be provided with a turnover time of one hour. The turnover time may be
increased by one hour for every additional twenty thousand (20,000) gallons of pool volume
up to a maximum of four (4) hours per turnover.
(4) All other pools, maximum of four (4) hours.
Sec. 46-242. Pumps.
Pumps shall meet the specifications outlined in S46-150(a). Pumps which drive the water
current in slow river attractions shall be designed to produce minimal cross currents at their
suction and discharge points. Propulsion pump water intake pipes shall be installed in a
manner to prevent patron entrapment. The propulsion pump water discharge shall be uniform
and located in a manner to cause minimal effect on the patron. Booster pumps shall be sized
to provide a continuous river-like flow rate no greater than three (3) mph. The number and
size of suction outlets serving the booster pump shall be designed so that the water flow
through each suction outlet does not exceed a velocity of one half (lIz) foot per second.
Sec. 46-243. Overflow Gutters and Skimmers.
(a) Overflow gutters and skimmers shall be provided as specified in ~46-155
except as provided in (b) below.
(b) Skimmers shall not be used in slow river attractions or any other waterpark
facility pools having currents, moving water, or turbulence created by mechanical means or
gravity that would prevent efficient skimming action by the skimmers. Alternative means of
removing floating debris, which are approved by the Director, shall be provided for such
attracti ons.
Sec. 46-244. Fencing and Barriers.
At intermediate pools, which are pools between the entry and exit pools in attractions using a
series of pools, barriers shall be designed and constructed to prevent unauthorized entry or
access from one attraction to another attraction. Fencing or barriers shall also be provided to
prevent unauthorized access to a pool(s) or attraction which has designated entry/exit points.
Sec. 46-245. Operation and Maintenance.
(a) Waterparks shall be operated and maintained in accordance with the most
restrictive applicable operational standards specified in the following documents:
Specifications contained in this Ordinance.
(1)
(2)
(3)
ASTM F-24 "Standards on Amusement Rides and Devices."
"Virginia Amusement Device Regulations."
(4)
recommendations.
Industry standards and manufacturer's specifications and
(b) Personnel
(1) Pool operators shall comply with the requirements specified in ~46-
119.
(2) Lifeguards shall meet the requirements specified in ~46-1 77 and
receive training specific to the waterpark facility environment.
(3) Attendants shall be trained to operate an attraction and control the
patrons in a safe and orderly manner.
(4) Attendants not certified as lifeguards shall not substitute for lifeguards
at any pool.
(c) Safety.
(1) For all attractions with flumes or chutes, clearing of the receiving pool
entry area prior to allowing another patron to enter is required.
(2) Use of certain waterpark facility pools may be limited by an
individual's swimming ability. Other restrictions may be imposed as necessary.
(3) Attendant and lifeguard stations shall be manned at all times an
attraction is in use.
(4) U.S. Coast Guard approved personal floatation devices shall be readily
available and accessible for those patrons that choose to use them.
(d) Design Load. Individual pool loads and the maximum facility load shall be
determined by the Director, with consideration of g46-235(d)(4). At no time shall the
designated maximum pool load or the maximum facility load be exceeded. The maximum
facility load and the maximum pool loads shall be posted at the main entrance to the
waterpark facility. The waterpark facility pool operator shall be responsible for enforcing the
maximum facility load and maximum pool loads.
(1) The maximum pool loads and the maximum facility loads may be
additionally restricted due to the following conditions:
(i) A congested grouping of patrons, tubes or floatation devices or
any other grouping that obstructs the lifeguard's view of the pool bottom.
(ii) Other conditions which may compromise the health or safety of
the patrons.
( e) Additional operational procedures.
(1) Pool operators shall monitor the water flow rates through flume and
attractions to insure that a constant water flow is maintained at rates in accordance with
manufacturer's specifications and recommendations.
(2) The facility operation and maintenance manual specified in g46-
235(d)(5), shall be maintained at the waterpark facility and be available for inspection at all
times.
Sec. 46-246-46-250. Reserved.
Division 7. Bathhouse Facilities; Design, Construction, and
Maintenance.
Sec. 46-251. Establishments Required to Provide Bathhouse Facilities.
All water recreation facilities shall provide bathhouse facilities. Motels and other similar
establishments which restrict the use of all pools to occupant guests are not required to
provide bathhouse facilities.
Sec. 46-252. Design and Location.
The bathhouse shall be designed so that the plumbing fixtures are located in the line of travel
used by patrons prior to entering the pool or waterpark area. The bathhouse shall be designed
so that patrons pass through the rooms containing the dressing areas, showers and toilet
fixtures prior to accessing the pool. It shall be provided with an entrance and a separate exit
opening directly to the swimming pool, spa pool, or waterpark facility deck; provided,
however, the exit shall not be near the deep portion of a swimming pool when the pool depth
is greater than five (5) feet. Computations for plumbing fixtures shall be based on the premise
that at the time of maximum load, one-half(~) of the patrons will be male and one-half(lh)
female.
Sec. 46-253. Floors.
Floors for all showers, toilets and lavatories in a bathhouse shall have a minimum slope of one
to forty-eight (1 :48) to the drains with no low spots which will allow water to pond. Such
floors shall have a smooth but non-slip, non-absorbent, finish and shall not be carpeted and
shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition. The room shall be mechanically
ventilated.
Sec. 46-254. Dressing Rooms.
Separate dressing rooms shall be provided for each sex. Lockers, baskets, hooks or other
sanitary means for storage of clothing and personal accessories shall be provided. Dressing
rooms shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition. Clothing hooks shall not present
a puncture hazard to patrons.
Sec. 46-255. Showers.
Showers shall be provided in the proportion of one (1) per each forty (40) persons or fraction
thereof at each swimming pool, spa pool, or waterpark facility based upon the maximum
facility load. Each shower shall supply an adequate quantity of heated water through a device
that will prevent scalding. The device that prevents scalding shall be adjusted to provide a
maximum hot water temperature at the nozzle head of one hundred ten degrees Fahrenheit
(1100F), and a minimum hot water temperature at the nozzle head of at least ninety degrees
Fahrenheit (900F). Water from each shower shall drain separately or each shower shall be
located and have the floor sloped so that waste from one shower shall not flow over the floor
serving another. Each shower fixture shall be provided with a liquid soap dispenser and an
adequate supply ofliquid soap. Showers shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary
condition.
Sec. 46-256. Toilets, Urinals, and Mop Sink.
Toilet facilities shall be provided in the proportion as required by the International
Plumbing Code. An adequate supply of dispensed toilet paper shall be provided to each
water closet. A separate custodial mop sink shall be provided exclusively for cleaning
purposes and shall be located within one hundred (100) feet of the shower and toilet
rooms. Toilets and urinals shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition.
Sec. 46-257. Lavatories.
Lavatories shall be provided in the proportion as required by the International Plumbing
Code. Each lavatory shall be provided with a liquid soap dispenser and an adequate supply of
liquid soap. Each lavatory shall be provided with an adequate supply of dispensed paper
towels and/or a mechanical means of hand drying. Lavatories shall be maintained in a clean
and sanitary condition.
Sec. 46-258. Hose Bibs.
Hose bibs with vacuum breakers or approved backflow preventers shall be provided at
convenient locations. A minimum of one (1) hose bib shall be provided in both the female
and male sections of the bathhouse.
Sec. 46-259. Lighting.
All areas within the bathhouse facility shall be illuminated at a minimum of thirty (30) foot-
candles measured twenty-four (24) inches above the floor. All light fixtures shall be shielded.
Sec. 46-260. Saunas and Steam Rooms.
A sauna, steam room, or similar device in which the patron's body is exposed to water, steam,
moist or dry heat, that is provided in conjunction with a regulated swimming pool or spa pool
facility, shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the VUSBC, and shall be
maintained in a clean and sanitary condition; and shall comply with the following
requirements:
(a) Shielded, vapor-prooflighting fixtures shall be provided.
(b) Adequate mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
(c) The doors to all steam rooms and sauna rooms shall have viewing ports fitted
with shatterproof glass or plastic, and shall not be capable of being blocked or otherwise
secured against opening by pushing from the inside. The door to the sauna or steam room
shall open outward.
(d) A timer switch that automatically shuts off the heat or steam source. The timer
switch shall be readily accessible to patrons and be located directly adjacent to the sauna or
steam room and shall have a maximum setting which does not exceed fifteen (15) minutes.
( e) A suitable barrier shall be provided to prevent patron injury from the heating
element or unit.
(f) Bench surfaces shall be of a smooth finish and free of protrusions that could
cause injury to patrons.
(g) A sign shall be posted stating that users must shower prior to entering the pool.
Sec. 46-261-46-270. Reserved.
This ordinance shall become effective as provided by law.
INTRODUCED: October 9, 2007
PUBLIC HEARING: November 13, 2007
ENACTED: November 13, 2007
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Mayor
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ate
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City Clerk
VOTE:
Councilwoman Cross Aye
Councilman Greenfield Aye
Councilwoman Lyon Aye
Councilman Rasmussen Aye
Councilman Silverthorne Aye
Councilmember Winter Aye